#variables are used to store some values
var1 = 50
var2 = 100
print(var1 + var2)
var1 = 500
var2 = 100
print(var1 + var2)
#Basic
#datatypes: str, int, float, bool, complex
var1 = "HELLO" # str - you have the value in quoation
print(type(var1))
var1 = 100 #without any decimal part - integer(int)
print(type(var1))
var1 = 100.0 #float value
print(type(var1))
var1 = True #bool - False
print(type(var1))
var1 = 5j #complex (python)=imaginary (maths)
var2 = var1 * var1 #implicit conversion into complex since var1 is also complex
print(var2)
print(type(var1))
#
var1 = 100
var2 = 3.5
var3 = var1 + var2 #implicit conversion into float since var2 is a float
print()
str1 = "55"
str1 = int(str1) #explicit conversion
#int(), str(), float(), bool(), complex()
var1 = 0;var1 = bool(var1);print(var1); #False - bool
var1 = "";
var1 = bool(var1);
print(var1) ; #False - bool
len = float(input("Enter length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = float(input("Enter breadth of the rectangle: "))
area = len * breadth
print("Area of the rectangle is ",area)
print(f"Rectangle with length = {len} and breadth = {breadth} has an area of {area:.1f}")
player = "Imbababonbeta"
country = "Zimbabwe"
position = "wicket-keeper"
print(f"Player {player:<16} plays for {country:^10} and is {position:>15} of the team")
player = "Rohit"
country = "India"
position = "captain"
print(f"Player {player:<16} plays for {country:^10} and is {position:>15} of the team")
#Player Imbababonbeta plays for Zimbabwe and is wicket-keeper of the team
#Player Rohit plays for India and is captain of the team
########
## OPERATORS
### ARITHMETIC OPERATORS: + - * /
## input values have to be numeric (int, float, complex)
var1 = 50
var2 = 20
print(var1 + var2)
print(var1 - var2)
print(var1 * var2)
print(var1 / var2)
# ** power, 5 ** 4 => 5 * 5 * 5 * 5
print(var1 ** var2) # 50 to the power of 20
# how to find square root of 21 ?
print(21 ** 0.5) #4.58257569495584
#cube root of 21 =
print(21 ** (1/3))
# // - integer division
print(10 / 3)
print("Integer Division = ",10 // 3)
# % Modulo - remainder
#20 / 3 = 6 + 2/3
print(20 % 3)
print(50 % 30) # 20 is remainder
# Comparison operators: compare the values (bigger/smaller)
# input as numeric and output is BOOL
var1 = 15
var2 = 25
print(var1 > var2) #false
#Arithematic operations: + - * / , **, // and % (modulo)
## input as numbers and output was numbers
#Comparison operators: input are the numbers / output - bool
# > >= < <= == !=
val1 = 30
val2 = 40
val3 = 30
print(val1 > val2) #is leftside val greater than rightside value?
print(val1 > val3) #False
print(val1 >= val3) #is val1 greater than or equal to? - True
print(val1 < val2) #
print(val1 <= val3) #
print(val1 == val3) # == is for asking question, are they equal?
print(val1 == val2) #False
print(val1 != val3) #False
print(val1 != val2) #True
#bool operators - Logical operators : Input and Output- bool
#Prediction 1: Sachin and Laxman are going to do this job - F
#Prediction 2: Sachin or Laxman are going to do this job - T
#Actual: Sachin and Rahul did the job
#AND - even one False will make output False
#OR - even one TRUE will make output True
#NOT - opposite
val1 = 30
val2 = 40
val3 = 30
print("==>: ",val1 > val2 or val1 > val3 and val1 >= val3 or
val1 < val2 and val1 <= val3 or val1 == val3 and val1 == val2 or
val1 != val3 or val1 != val2)
#T
#membership operator - in
print(5 in [2,4,5,6,8])
#bitwise operator - works by converting the numbers to boolean
# binary equivalent of 33 ?
print(bin(33)) #0b100001
print(int(0b101111011111))
# and (&) or (|) >> (right shift) << (left shift)
print(22 & 33) #0
print(33 & 22) #0
print(bin(33), bin(22))
## 33 = 100001
## 22 = 010110
## (&) 000000
## (|) 110111
print(int(0b110111)) #55
print(33 | 22) # 55
##
print(55 >>2)
# 55 = 110111 >> 1 = 11011 >> 1 = 1101
print(int(0b1101)) #13
print(55 << 2) # 110111 << 1 = 1101110 << 1 = 11011100
###
# if - checking conditions
val1 = 30
if val1 > 0:
print("Value is positive")
print("Positive Positive Positive")
print("Thank you for using my program")
# 300 pts
## ? 300
print("You win")
print("You lose")
print("Tied")
#TUPLE - immutable version of List
str1 = "hello"
str2 = 'Good evening' \
'How are you?'
str3 = '''Hello there
hope you are doing good
we shall meet soon'''
str4 = """I am fine
how are you"""
print(str2)
print(str3)
print(type(str1))
#functions (global) v methods (belong to a class)
str1 = "hello"
print(str1.islower())
print(str1.isupper())
#isdigit()
val1 = input("Enter length of the rectangle: ")
if val1.isdigit():
val1 = int(val1)
print(val1)
else:
print("Sorry, this is not a valid number")
name1 = "Sachin Tendulkar"
print(name1.isalpha())
txt1 = "hello@123"
print(txt1.isalnum())
###
str1 = "HellOOO how are YOU?"
print(str1.lower())
#### Build a game - guessing number ####
import random
num = 55
attempt = 0
low,high = 1,100
while True:
#guess = int(input("Enter the number: "))
guess = random.randint(low, high)
attempt+=1
if guess ==num:
print(f"You got it in {attempt} attempts!")
break
elif guess > num:
print(f"Hint: Your value {guess} is higher")
high=guess-1
else:
print(f"Hint: Your value {guess} is lower")
low=guess+1
str1 = "Hello"
print(str1[-1] , str1[len(str1)-1])
print(str1[1])
print("Length = ",len(str1))
# range(a,b,c) - a=initial value, b = ending value, c=increment
# range(2,14,3) - 2,5,8,11
print(str1[0:4], str1[:4])
print(str1[-5:-1], str1[:-1])
# llo
print(str1[2:5], str1[2:])
print(str1[-3:])
vowel_count = 0
str1 = "This is a Sample STATEMENT to test"
for i in str1:
#print("Hello: ",i)
if i in 'aeiouAEOIU':
vowel_count+=1
print(f"Total vowels in '{str1}' is {vowel_count}")
# strings are immutable
str1 = "Hello"
str1=str1[0]+'E'+str1[2:]
print("New str1 = ", str1)
str2 = "This is a Sample STATEMENT to test"
str3="This,is,a,sample,text2,work,on,it"
output1 = str2.split()
output1 = str3.split(',')
print(output1)
print(str2)
print("Index: ",str2.index('i',3,len(str2)))
str4='abcd abc ab a'
#find all indices of b
tot = str4.count('ab')
print("Total bs = ",tot)
srt = 0
for i in range(3):
print(str4.index('ab',srt))
srt=str4.index('ab',srt)+1
### LIST: linear ordered mutable collection
l1 = []
print(type(l1))
l1=[3,"Hello",False,5.0, [2,4,6]]
l1.append(45)
#collection - stores multiple values with single variable name
#List, Tuple, Dictionary and Set
#List - linear collection
l1 = [5,"Hello",False,[4,8,12]]
print(type(l1)) #<class 'list'>
#accessing (similar to strings)
print(l1[1][0])
print(type(l1[1]))
print(l1[-1][1])
l2 = [5.6,"Good Evening"]
print(l1+l2)
print(l2 * 3)
l3=[-1]*10
print(l3)
for i in l1:
print(i)
for i in range(len(l1)):
print(l1[i])
l4=[]
#read the value from the user and if its number only then add to this list
val1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if val1.isdigit():
l4.append(int(val1))
print("After first step, L4 looks like: ",l4)
l5 = []
l5.append(100)
l5.append(200)
l5.insert(1,300) # takes- pos, value
l5.insert(1,400)
print("After addition: ",l5)
l5.pop(2) #input as position(index)
l5.remove(200) #takes values as input
print(l5)
### Stack & Queue ##
## Stack - LIFO data structure
stack=[]
while True:
print("Enter your options: ")
print("1. Display Your Stack")
print("2. Add a member to the stack")
print("3. Remove a member from the stack")
print("4. Exit")
ch=input("Choice : ")
if ch=="1":
print("Content of the stack is:\n",stack)
elif ch=="2":
pass
elif ch=="3":
pass
elif ch=="4":
break
else:
print("Sorry I dont understand you, try again!")
# Queue: First element added is the first one to go - FIFO (First In First Out)
l6 = [100,200,300,400,100,200,300,100,200,100]
print(l6.index(100)) #element
print(l6.index(100, 2)) # element with start position
print(l6.index(100, 5,8)) # element with start and end pos
print("count = ",l6.count(200))
#Deep and Shallow copy
l7 = l6 #Deep copy - 2 names for same set of values
l8 = l6.copy() #creates a duplicate copy -
print("1. L6 = ",l6)
print("1. L7 = ",l7)
print("1. L8 = ",l8)
l6.append(500)
l7.append(600)
l8.append(700)
print("2. L6 = ",l6)
print("2. L7 = ",l7)
print("2. L8 = ",l8)
# list is linear ordered mutable collection
l6[0] = 110 #edit the value unlike string
print(l6)
l7 = [2,4,6,8,10]
print(l6+l7) #l6 and l7 retains original values
l6.extend(l7) #l6 will get l7 values
print(l6)
print("Before Reverse: ",l6)
l6.reverse()
print("After Reverse: ",l6)
l6.sort()
print("After Sort: ",l6)
l6.sort(reverse=True)
print("After Reverse Sort: ",l6)
l6.clear()
print("Last: ",l6)
str1 = "HELLO HOW ARE YOU"
print(str1.split())
print(str1) #didnt change as it is immutable
l6.append(66)
print(l6) #existing list got changed as it is mutable
