#collection - stores multiple values with single variable name
#List, Tuple, Dictionary and Set
#List - linear collection
l1 = [5,"Hello",False,[4,8,12]]
print(type(l1))   #<class 'list'>

#accessing (similar to strings)
print(l1[1][0])
print(type(l1[1]))
print(l1[-1][1])

l2 = [5.6,"Good Evening"]
print(l1+l2)
print(l2 * 3)
l3=[-1]*10
print(l3)

for i in l1:
    print(i)

for i in range(len(l1)):
    print(l1[i])

l4=[]
#read the value from the user and if its number only then add to this list
val1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if val1.isdigit():
    l4.append(int(val1))
print("After first step, L4 looks like: ",l4)

l5 = []
l5.append(100)
l5.append(200)
l5.insert(1,300)  # takes- pos, value
l5.insert(1,400)
print("After addition: ",l5)
l5.pop(2) #input as position(index)
l5.remove(200) #takes values as input
print(l5)

### Stack & Queue ##
## Stack - LIFO data structure

stack=[]
while True:
    print("Enter your options: ")
    print("1. Display Your Stack")
    print("2. Add a member to the stack")
    print("3. Remove a member from the stack")
    print("4. Exit")
    ch=input("Choice : ")
    if ch=="1":
        print("Content of the stack is:\n",stack)
    elif ch=="2":
        pass
    elif ch=="3":
        pass
    elif ch=="4":
        break
    else:
        print("Sorry I dont understand you, try again!")

# Queue: First element added is the first one to go - FIFO (First In First Out)
l6 = [100,200,300,400,100,200,300,100,200,100]
print(l6.index(100))  #element
print(l6.index(100, 2))  # element with start position
print(l6.index(100, 5,8))  # element with start and end pos
print("count = ",l6.count(200))

#Deep and Shallow copy
l7 = l6 #Deep copy - 2 names for same set of values
l8 = l6.copy() #creates a duplicate copy -
print("1. L6 = ",l6)
print("1. L7 = ",l7)
print("1. L8 = ",l8)
l6.append(500)
l7.append(600)
l8.append(700)
print("2. L6 = ",l6)
print("2. L7 = ",l7)
print("2. L8 = ",l8)

# list is linear ordered mutable collection
l6[0] = 110  #edit the value unlike string
print(l6)
l7 = [2,4,6,8,10]
print(l6+l7) #l6 and l7 retains original values
l6.extend(l7) #l6 will get l7 values
print(l6)
print("Before Reverse: ",l6)
l6.reverse()
print("After Reverse: ",l6)
l6.sort()
print("After Sort: ",l6)
l6.sort(reverse=True)
print("After Reverse Sort: ",l6)

l6.clear()
print("Last: ",l6)

str1 = "HELLO HOW ARE YOU"
print(str1.split())
print(str1)  #didnt change as it is immutable

l6.append(66)
print(l6) #existing list got changed as it is mutable