print('5+3=',5+3) #comment 1
#practice day 1
var1 = 45
print(type(var1)) #<class 'int'> integer
# we have 5 basic types of data (datatypes)
var1=55.0
print(type(var1)) #<class 'float'>
var1 = 3j
print(type(var1)) #<class 'complex'>
print(3j * 3j) #(-9+0j)
var1="Hello"
print(type(var1)) #<class 'str'> string
var1=True #False
print(type(var1))
quantity = 53
price = 119.77
total_cost = quantity * price
#The total cost of 50 pens costing 119 is total_cost
print("The total cost of",quantity,"pens costing",price,"is",total_cost)
#format string - f string
print(f"The total cost of {quantity} pens costing {price} is {total_cost:.2f}")
name1 ="Rohit";country="India"
position="Captain"
print(f"Player named {name1:.<12} plays for {country:X^15} and he is {position:>15} of the team")
name1 ="Mangwabate"
country="Zimbabwe"
position="Wicket-keeper"
print(f"Player named {name1:<12} plays for {country:^15} and he is {position:>15} of the team")
var1,var2 = 50, 60
print("I am here");print("Hello \\\n Ok \tfine",end=". ")
print("How are you?" );
#str, float, int, bool, complex
# \ is called escape character
num1 = 55
name1 = "Sachin"
#whenever you read as input, the data type will always be string
name2 = input("Enter your name: ")
print(name2)
num2 = input("Enter radius: ")
num2 = int(num2)
print(num2)
area = 3.14*num2*num2
print("Area = ",area)
# + / - *
# // (integer division - this will give you only integer part of the division)
# ** power
# %(modulo -remainder)
num1 = 13
num2 = 5
#Arithematic/math operations
print(num1 + num2)
print(num1 - num2)
print(num1 * num2)
print(num1 / num2) #output wll always be float
print(num1 // num2) #output will always be int
print(num1 ** num2) # 10 to the power 5
print(num1 % num2) #modulo -
#logical operators: Input is bool values and output is also bool: and or not
#and - even if one value is false it will give you false
#or - even if one value is True it will give you true
#not - opposite: not True = False
print(True and False)
print(False or False)
print(not False)
num1 = 9
num2 = 13
print("Logical operator")
print(num1 > num2 or num1 < num1 and num2 == num1 or num1 != num2 or num1!=num2)
#(T)
#comaprison operators: < > <= >= == != : True/False
num1 = 9
num2 = 13
print("is num1 equal to num2? ",num1==num2)
print("is num1 not equal to num2? ",num1!=num2)
print("is num1 greater than num2? ",num1>num2)
print("is num1 greater than or equal to num2? ",num1>=num2)
print("is num1 less than num2? ",num1<num2)
print("is num1 less than or equal to num2? ",num1<=num2)
r=5
pi=3.14
print("Radius = ",pi*r**2)
# is 71 divisible by 9 ?
print(71%9)
####################
#is x divisible by y or not?
#conditions - they are used to check if its condition 1 or 2
# if to check conditions followed by Conditional or logical- they only
# give you True or False as output
x = 72
y = 9
if x%y==0:
print(f"{x} is perfectly divisible by {y}")
print("PERFECT DIVISIBLE")
else:
print(f"{x} is NOT divisible by {y}")
num1 = 0
if num1 >0:
print("Its positive")
else:
print("Its not positive")
num1 = 0
if num1 >0:
print("Its positive")
elif num1<0:
print("Its negative")
else:
print("Its not positive")
sum=448
avg=sum/5
print("AVG = ",sum/5)
#if avg>90 - grade A
# 80-90 - grade B # 70-80 - grade C # 60-70 - grade D
# 50-60 - grade E #40-50" grade F #<40 - Fail
if avg>=90:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = A")
elif avg>=80:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = B")
elif avg >=70:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = D")
elif avg >=50:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = E")
elif avg>=40:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = F")
else:
print("Grade = Failed")
#Nested conditions
if avg>=40:
print("PASS")
if avg >= 90:
print("Grade = A")
if avg>=95:
print("You win President's medal!")
elif avg >= 80:
print("Grade = B")
elif avg >= 70:
print("Grade = C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("Grade = D")
elif avg >= 50:
print("Grade = E")
else:
print("Grade = F")
else:
print("Grade = Failed")
num1,num2,num3=10,15,20
if num1>=num2:
print(f"{num1} >= {num2}")
else:
print(f"{num2} >= {num1}")
#Repeating - loops in programming language
# range(a,b,c): a-start number (including), b-end number (excluding), c-increment
range(3,15,4) # 3, 7, 11,
range(3,7) # c is default 1: 3,4,5,6
range(4) #a is default 0, c is default 1: 0,1,2,3
# there are 2 ways loops are implemented in Python: FOR / WHILE
#for - when you know exactly how many times to run
for counter in range(1,11):
print(counter)
#odd numbers between 1 and 10
for i in range(1,11,2):
print(i)
# even numbers between 1 and 10
for i in range(2, 11, 2):
print(i)
for i in range(5):
print("*")
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=' ')
print("\n\n")
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=' ')
print()
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=' ')
print()
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=' ')
print()
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j-1):
print(" ",end='')
for k in range(j + 1):
print("*", end=' ')
print()
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
'''
1* 1=1 2* 1=2 ... 10*1=10
...
1*10=10 2* 10=20 ... 10*10
'''
for n in range(1,11):
for m in range(1,11):
print(f"{m:>2} * {n:>2} = {n*m:>3}",end=" ")
print()
#while - when you until what condition
num = 51
isPrime = True
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
isPrime = False
break
if isPrime:
print("Its a prime number ")
else:
print("Its not a prime number ")
# print prime numbers between 1000 and 5000
start, end = 1000, 5000
for k in range(start, end + 1):
isPrime = True
for i in range(2, k):
if k % i == 0:
isPrime = False
break
if isPrime:
print(k, end=" , ")
### WHILE LOOP
#print numbers from 1 to 10
i = 1
while i <=10:
print(i)
i+=1
choice = True
while choice:
print("Hello")
ch = input("Press n to stop")
if ch=='n':
choice = False
while True:
print("Hello")
ch = input("Press n to stop")
if ch == 'n':
break
#Strings
str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "Hi there"
str3 = '''Hi there
how are you
Where are you?'''
str4 = """I am fine
I am here
How are you"""
print(str4)
print(str1 + str2)
print(str1 *3)
for i in str1:
print(i)
print(str1[2])
#str1[1] = "B"
print(str1[4], str1[-1])
print(str1[0],str1[-5])
print(str1[:3])
print(str1[-3:])
str1= "Hello How ARE YOU"
print(str1.isalnum())
num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
int(num1)
print(num1)
else:
print("Invalid number")
str2= ' '
print(str2.isspace())
print(str2.islower())
print(str2.isupper())
str3 = "Hello HI There"
print(str3.lower())
print(str3.upper())
print(str3.title())
str4 = str3.replace("h","ABC",1)
print(str4)
str4 = str3.split('e')
print(str4)
str5 = "e".join(str4)
print(str5)
print("HI" in str3)
print(str3.find("HI"))
print(str3.count('e'))
#Sets
#data structures - collections: String, List, Tuple, Dictionary
#SETS - A B M O C - there is no order
# doesnt allow duplicate
set1 = {2,4,6,8}
print(set1)
#union intersection minus
set2 = {6,8,10,12}
#union
print(set1.union(set2))
print(set1 | set2)
#intersection
print(set1.intersection(set2))
print(set1 & set2)
#difference
print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set1 - set2)
print(set2.difference(set1))
print(set2 - set1)
#symmetric difference
#union of 2 differences
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set1, set2)
#update doesnt give new set, it changes the main set
set1.update(set2)
#union -> update
# {intersection_update, difference_update, symm_diff_update}
print(set1, set2)
set3 = {2,4,10,12}
# sets to list and to tuple
set1 = tuple(set1)
list(set1)
set()
#List - linear ordered mutable
list1 = []
print(list1)
print(type(list1))
list1 = [2,4,6.5,"Hello",True,[2,8,12]]
print("Number of elements = ",len(list1))
print(list1[1])
print(type(list1[-2]))
print(type(list1[-1]))
#sum and avg of 5 marks
list_of_marks=[]
sum = 0
for i in range(0):
m=int(input("Enter marks: "))
list_of_marks.append(m)
sum+=m
print("Sum = ",sum)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
## 2 ways to add values to an existing list: append, insert
list_of_marks.insert(1,100)#index, value
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,80)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,90)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,30)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,40)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.sort(reverse=True)
print("(Sort)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.reverse()
print("(Reverse)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
num_to_delete = 80
if num_to_delete in list_of_marks:
list_of_marks.remove(num_to_delete)
print("(remove)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.pop(3)
print("(pop)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
num_to_delete = 80
if list_of_marks.count(num_to_delete) >0:
list_of_marks.remove(num_to_delete)
print("(remove)List of marks = ", list_of_marks)
list1 = [10,3,4,5,3,4,6,3,7,8,3,6]
print(list1.count(3))
print(list1.index(3)) #index(element,start,end)
#index of all the values in the list:
element_search = 3
inx_found=0
for i in range(list1.count(element_search)):
print(list1.index(element_search, inx_found), end=" ,")
inx_found = list1.index(element_search, inx_found) + 1
print()
list1 = [1,3,5,7]
list2 = list1 #they are same , just have 2 names
list3 = list1.copy() #copy - creates a different copy
print("1. List 1 = ",list1)
print("1. List 2 = ",list2)
print("1. List 3 = ",list3)
list1.append(15)
list2.remove(5)
list3.append(19)
print("2. List 1 = ",list1)
print("2. List 2 = ",list2)
print("2. List 3 = ",list3)
# TUPLE - immutable form of List
t1 = ()
print(type(t1))
t1 = (1,)
print(type(t1))
t1=list(t1)
t1.append(40)
t1 = tuple(t1)
#list, tuple and sets are all 3 inter convertible
#advantage of tuple -its fast to access
t2 = (1,2,3) #packing
a,b,c = t2 #unpacking
print(a,b,c)
#Dictionary - uses its own key to track values
#list, tuple, sets - linear
list1 = [2,3,4,5,2,3,4,2,3,2]
list1=list(set(list1))
print(list1)
#Dictionary: key:value pairs
d1 = {}
print(type(d1))
d1 = {4,5}
print(type(d1))
d1 = {4:"Sachin","Matches":5}
print(type(d1))
print(d1)
print("Keys: ",d1.keys())
print("Values: ",d1.values())
print("(Key, Value): ",d1.items())
print(d1['Matches'])
d2={'City':'Mumbai'}
d1.update(d2)
print(d1)
d2={'City':'Hyderabad'}
d1.update(d2)
print(d1)
#deep v shallow copy
d3 = d1 # deep - creates another name for d1
d4 = d1.copy()
print("D1 = ",d1)
print("D3 = ",d3)
print("D4 = ",d4)
d1.update({'Sports':'Cricket'})
print("D1 = ",d1)
print("D3 = ",d3)
print("D4 = ",d4)
#remove a member: pop(), popitem()
d1.pop(4) #pop takes key as input
print("D1 after pop: ", d1)
d1.popitem() #last added value is removed - remeber last added is not same as last updated
print("D1 after popitem: ", d1)
print(" iterating through keys: ")
for i in d1.keys():
print(i)
print(" iterating through values: ")
for i in d1.values():
print(i)
print(" iterating through items")
for i in d1.items():
print(i)
for i,j in d1.items():
print(f"Keys = {i} and value = {j}")
women = {101:"Renuka", 103:"Smriti",105:"Harmanpreet",107:"Deepti"}
men = {102:"Sachin",104:"Virat",106:"Rohit"}
all ={211:'Steve',222:'Warner'}
all.update(women)
all.update(men)
print(all)
for key,val in all.items():
if key in women.keys():
print(f"{val} plays in women's team")
elif key in men.keys():
print(f"{val} plays in men's team")
else:
print(f"{val} neither part of mens or womens team")
# SET - sets - linear unordered mutable collection - doesnt allow duplicate
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
print(type(set1))
set1.add('Cherry')
set2 = {"Pineapple","Mango","Apple","Orange"}
# two ways to remove
set1.remove("Banana")
set1.discard("Apple")
#set1.remove("Rose") - if value isnt there throws error
set1.discard("Rose") #doesnt throw error
print("1. Set1: ",set1)
set1.pop()
set1.update(set2) #union
print("2. Set1: ",set1)
set1.clear()
print("3. Set1: ",set1)
### SET FUNCTIONS ####
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
set2 = {"Pineapple","Mango","Apple","Orange"}
#UNION
print("UNION")
print(set1 | set2)
print(set1.union(set2))
print("INTERSECTION")
print(set1 & set2)
print(set1.intersection(set2))
print("DIFFERENCE")
print(set1 - set2)
print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set2 - set1)
print(set2.difference(set1))
print("SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE")
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set2 ^ set1)
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
#update() will update the values of main set
# set1.union(set2) - this gives a new set as output
# set1.update(set2) - set1 is updated with the values
# union - update()
set1.update(set2)
print(set1)
# intersection: intersection_update()
set1.intersection_update(set2)
print(set1)
# difference_update()
set1.difference_update(set2)
print(set1)
#symmetric_difference_update()
set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2)
print(set1)
# set, list, tuple => they are inter-convertible
list1 = [3,6,9,12,3,6,9,3,6,3]
list1 = list(set(list1))
print(list1)
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
set1 = list(set1)
set1.index("Grapes")
set1 = set(set1)
set1 = tuple(set1)
set1 = set(set1)
print(set1.issubset(set2))
#
list1 = [3,6,9,12,3,6,9,3,6,3]
list2 = [3,6,9,12,15]
#does all the elements of list2 present in list1?
t_list1 =set(list1)
if set(list1).issuperset(set(list2)):
print("yes, list2 value exists in list1")
else:
print("No, list2 has additional elements")
# Basic data types (stores only 1 value) - int, float, str,bool and complex
# Collections (stores multiple values - 1D) - list, tuple,dictionary, set
# functions - own functions - user defined functions
# print(), input(), type(), int(), str(), len() : in-built functions (developers of python have already written for us)
# we will learn to write our own functions
#first part of writting function is to Define the meaning- function
def mytext(val1, val2,val3):#required positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
def mytext2(val1=0, val2=0,val3=9):#default positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
print("Values are: ",val1,val2,val3)
#demo keyword (non-positional) arguments
def mytext3(val1, val2,val3):#default positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
print("Values are: ",val1,val2,val3)
#default argument (non-required) & keyword argument (non-positional)
mytext(5,10,0)
print("Done with one time calling now calling second time")
mytext2(20,4,10)
mytext2(20,4)
mytext2(10,5,1)
mytext3(val3=10,val1=9,val2=8)
mytext3(100, val3=9,val2=8)
#print()
# numpy, pandas (Multi-D)
def isPositive(val1):
#result = "Positive" # "+ve" / 1
if val1 >0:
return 1
else:
return 0 #print("Its not Positive")
res = isPositive(100)
if res==1:
print("Its positive, now lets go ahead building our logic")
else:
print("STOP! STOP! STOP!")
isPositive(-100)
isPositive(90)
def myfun1(val1): #Required positional argument
print(val1)
myfun1(10)
def myfun2(val1,val2,val3): #Required positional argument
print(val1, val2,val3)
myfun2(10,30,20)
# Default argument
def myfun3(val1,val2=100,val3="New York"): #Required positional argument
print(val1, val2,val3)
return val1+val2
myfun3(10,30)
## keywords - (non-positional)
result = myfun3(val2=99,val3=77,val1=44)
print("Result = ",result)
## single function to perform perimeter of triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon
def calcPerimeter(s1=0,s2=0,s3=0,s4=0,s5=0,s6=0):
if s1==0:
return "You have not provided any value!"
elif s2==0:
return "Perimeter of a line is the same value which is "+str(s1)
elif s3==0:
print("We cant have a closed shape with 2 only sides!")
elif s4==0:
print("Its a Triangle! Perimeter is",s1+s2+s3)
elif s5==0:
if s1==s2 and s2==s3 and s3==s4:
print("its a square with perimeter",s1*4)
elif s1==s2 and s4==s3:
print("Its a rectangle with Perimeter",2*(s1+s3))
else:
print("Its an irregular 4 sides shape with perimeter",s1+s2+s3+s4)
elif s6==0:
print("Its a pentagon with perimeter",s1+s2+s3+s4+s5)
else:
print("Its a hexagon with perimeter",s1+s2+s3+s4+s5+s6)
result = calcPerimeter()
print(result)
result = calcPerimeter(5)
print(result)
calcPerimeter(6,8)
calcPerimeter(8,7,5,4,3,3)
def checkNum(val1):
if val1 <0:
return -1 #for negative
elif val1==0:
return 0 #zero value
else:
return 1 #positive
res = checkNum(100)
if res==-1:
print("Negative")
elif res==0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive")
res = checkNum(-100)
if res==-1:
print("Negative")
elif res==0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive")
