Swapnil Saurav

Learning with P
print('hello')

print(5 +3 )
print('5+3=', 5+3)

var1 = 53
print(type(var1)) #<class 'int'> integer
var1 = '53' # str - string
print(type(var1))

var1 = 53.0 #float
print(type(var1))

var1 = 53j #complex
print(type(var1))

var1 = False #
print(type(var1))

count_of_pens = 23 #variable names can only have alphabets, numbers, _
#variable shouldnt begin with a number
cost_each_pen = 21.23
total_cost = cost_each_pen \
* count_of_pens
print('Cost of each pen is',cost_each_pen,"so for",count_of_pens,"pens, "
"total cost would be",total_cost)

#f-string format string
print(f"Cost of each pen is {cost_each_pen} so for {count_of_pens} pens, total cost would be {total_cost:.1f}")

VIDEO 1


###################
player= "Rohit"
country = "India"
position = "Captain"
print(f"The Player {player:<15} plays for the country {country:^15} and is {position:>15} of the team")
player= "Mbangawapo"
country = "Zimbabwe"
position = "Wicketkeeper"
print(f"The Player {player:<15} plays for the country {country:^15} and is {position:>15} of the team")

num1 = 5
num2 = 3
#Arithematic Operations
print(num1 + num2)
print(num1 - num2)
print(num1 * num2)
print(num1 / num2) #float output
print(num1 // num2) #integer division (double division)- integer (int)
print(num1 % num2) #remainder - modulo
print(num1 ** num2) #num1 to the power num2

#post office stamp problem for assignment
length = input("Enter length of the rectangle: ")
length = int(length)
print(type(length))
breadth = int(input("Enter breadth of the rectangle: "))
area = length * breadth
perimeter = 2*(length + breadth)
print(f"The rectangle with length {length} and bread {breadth} has an area of {area} and perimeter of {perimeter}")


#Comparison operators: < > <= >= == !=
#input here is variables, output is always bool value
val1=34
val2=34
print("Is val1 less than val2? ", val1 < val2)
print("Is val1 greater than val2? ", val1 > val2)
print("Is val1 less than or equal to val2? ", val1 <= val2)
print("Is val1 greater than or equal to val2? ", val1 >= val2)
print("Is val1 equal to val2? ", val1 == val2)
print("Is val1 not equal to val2? ", val1 != val2)

#Logical operators: and or not: Input is bool and output is also bool
print(val1 < val2 and val1 > val2 or val1 <= val2 and val1 >= val2 and val1 == val2 or val1 != val2)
#in AND - even if you have one false - o/p is False otherwise True
# in OR - even if you have one True - o/p is True otherwise False
print(not val1==val2)

#membership operator: in, not in
print( 5 in [5,10,15,20])
print("a" not in "ABCDE")

marks1 = int(input("Enter the marks in subject 1: "))
marks2 = int(input("Enter the marks in subject 2: "))
marks3 = int(input("Enter the marks in subject 3: "))
total = marks1 + marks2 + marks3
avg = total / 3

print(f"Total marks obtained is {total} and the average is {avg:.2f}")

#Conditional
num1 = -90
if num1 >0:
print("Number is positive")
print("This is second line of if")

if num1 >0:
print("Number is positive")
else:
print("Number is not positive")

if num1 >0:
print("Number is positive")
elif num1 <0:
print("Number is negative")
else:
print("Its Zero")

avg = 80
'''
avg >= 90: Grade A, 80-90: B, 70-80: C, 60-70: D, 50-60:E, 40-50: F and Grade Failed <40
'''
if avg>=90:
print("Grade: A")
elif avg>=80:
print("Grade: B")
elif avg>=70:
print("Grade: C")
elif avg>=60:
print("Grade: D")
elif avg>=50:
print("Grade: E")

elif avg>=40:
print("Grade: F")

else:
print("Grade: FAILED")

if avg>=40:
print("You have passed")

#print - You have passed for all those who got over 40%
avg=99.1
if avg>=40:
print("You have passed")
if avg >= 90:
print("Grade: A")
if avg >=95:
print("You win President's medal")
if avg>=99:
print("WOW")
elif avg >= 80:
print("Grade: B")
elif avg >= 70:
print("Grade: C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("Grade: D")
elif avg >= 50:
print("Grade: E")
else:
print("Grade: F")

else:
print("Grade: FAILED")

#to evaluate an algorithm - we look at Space complexity and Time complexity
# President medal for >95%

num1 = 78
if num1%2==0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")

age=21
nationality = "USA"
if age>21 and nationality=="USA":
print("Vote")

####### LOOPS - repeatition
# for loop: exactly how manytimes to run the loop
# while loop: condition under which to repeat the loop

# range(a,b,c): a= initial value (including), b=end value (excluding), c= increment
#range(3,12,3): 3,6,9
#range(3,13,3): 3,6,9,12

for i in range(3,16,3):
print("HELLO")
print("i = ",i)
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=' ')
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=' ')
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=' ')
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=' ')
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j-1):
print(" ",end='')
for k in range(j+1):
print("*",end=' ')
print()


n=5
m=1
for j in range(1,11):
for i in range(1,11):
print(f"{i:>2} * {j:>2} = {j*i:>3}",end=" ")
print()

#### WHILE Loops: no fixed times - based on some condition
i=1
while i<=10:
print(i)
i+=1

#print hello untill user wants
ch='y'
while ch=='y':
print("HELLO")
ch=input("Press y to continue, anyother key to stop: ")
import random
num = random.randint(1,100)
print("==> ",num)
l1="="
total_attempts,max,min=0,0,9999
n=250000
pc = n//100
for i in range(n):
attempt = 0
while True:
guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
#guess = random.randint(1,100)
attempt +=1 # attempt = attempt + 1
if guess ==num:
print(f"Congratulations! You have guessed it correctly in {attempt} attempts.")
total_attempts +=attempt
if min > attempt:
min = attempt
if max < attempt:
max = attempt

if i%pc==0:
print(i//pc,"% Completed")

break
elif guess > num:
print("Sorry, Actual number is smaller")
else: #guess < num:
#pass
print("Sorry, Actual number is greater")

print("Average number of attempts it took: ",total_attempts/n)
print("Maximum attempt:",max," and minimum attempt:",min)

#########################
######### Attempt 2 ##
import random

#print("==> ",num)
l1="="
total_attempts,max,min=0,0,9999
n=250000
pc = n//100
num = random.randint(1, 100)
for i in range(n):

attempt = 0
start, end = 1, 100
while True:
#guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
guess = random.randint(start,end)
if guess>100 or guess <1:
continue #takes you to the beginning of the loop
attempt +=1 # attempt = attempt + 1
if guess ==num:
#print(f"Congratulations! You have guessed it correctly in {attempt} attempts.")
total_attempts +=attempt
if min > attempt:
min = attempt
if max < attempt:
max = attempt

if i%pc==0:
print(i//pc,"% Completed")

break
elif guess > num:
#print("Sorry, Actual number is smaller")
end=guess-1
else: #guess < num:
#pass
#print("Sorry, Actual number is greater")
start =guess+1

print("Average number of attempts it took: ",total_attempts/n)
print("Maximum attempt:",max," and minimum attempt:",min)
#Strings
str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "How are you?"
str3 = """I am fine
I am great
I am amazing"""
str4 = '''I am here'''

print(str3)

print("What's your name?")
print('What\'s your name?')
print(str1 + " "+str2)
print(str1 *5)

for i in str1:
print("Hello")
#subset of the string
str6 = "What's your name?"
print(str6[0])
print(str6[2])
print(len(str6))
print(str6[len(str6) - 1]) #last char
print(str6[len(str6) - 2]) #2nd last char
print(str6[- 1]) #last char
print(str6[- 2]) #2nd last char
print(str6[-len(str6)])

print(str6[:3])
print(str6[-3:])

### Methods
print(str6.index("W"))


str1 = 'How are YOU I AM fine'
#they are immutable - you cant edit them
#str1[0] = 'h' #TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
str1 = 'h'+str1[1:]
print(str1)

#functions are independent - print(), len(), input(), int(), str()
#methods - they are functions written within a class
print(str1.isdigit())

val1 = str(5)#input("Enter a number: ")
if val1.isdigit():
val1 = int(val1)
else:
print("Invalid number! setting val1 to zero")
val1 = 0
print(val1)
str2="Hello123"
print(str2.isalnum())
print(str1.upper()) #isupper()
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.title())

print(str1)
print(str1.split("o")) #default split is done on blank space
l1 = str1.split()
str2 = "|| ||".join(l1)
print(str2)

str3 = "Ioooamooofineooohowoooareoooyouooo?"
str4 = " ".join(str3.split("ooo"))
print(str4)
occ = str3.find("ooo")
print("Occurences = ",occ)
occ = str3.count("ooo")
print("Occurences = ",occ)


start,end=0,len(str3)
for i in range(occ):
po = str3.index('ooo',start,end)
print(po,end=" , ")
start = po+1
print()

# LIST
l1 = []
print(type(l1))
print(len(l1))
l1 = [4,"Hello",8.0,True,[2,4,5],"Fine"]
print(type(l1))
print(len(l1))
print(len(l1[4]))
print(l1[4][1])
#list is mutable (unlike str)
l1[0]= 444
print(l1)

print(l1+l1)
print(l1 *3)
for i in l1[4]:
print(i)

#list methods
#Tuple - immutable version list

t1 = (2,2,4,6,8,10) #packing
a,b,c,d,e,f = t1
#print(a,b,c,d,e,f)
print(type(t1))
print(len(t1))
for i in t1:
print(i," - ",t1)

print(t1[-2:])
#t1[2] = 88
print(t1.index(8))
print(t1.count(2))

t1= list(t1)
t1.append(18)
t1=tuple(t1)

a=(5,88,1,77,99)
b=(5,88,1,77,99)
if a>b:
print(a)
elif b>a:
print(b)
else:
print("both are same")

# List - linear ordered collection
l1=[4,6,8,10,12,8,10,12,8,0,8]
l1.append(55) #add element at the end
print(l1)
l1.insert(3,90)
l1.insert(3,70)
print("2. ",l1)

#
element = 12
if element in l1:
l1.remove(12)
else:
print("Element doesnt exist")

if l1.count(element)<1:
print("Element doesnt exist")
print()
print("3. ",l1)
l1.pop(3)

print("4. ",l1)
print(l1.index(8))
s,e=0,len(l1)
for i in range(l1.count(8)):
inx = l1.index(8,s,e)
print(inx,end=", ")
s=inx+1
print()
print("5. ",l1)

#copy
l2 = l1 #deep copy - (giving another name)
l3 = l1.copy() #shallow copy (photocopy)
print("After copy")
print("L1 = ",l1)
print("L2 = ",l2)
print("L3 = ",l3)
l1.append(101)
l2.append(102)
l3.append(103)
print("After editing")
print("L1 = ",l1)
print("L2 = ",l2)
print("L3 = ",l3)

l1.reverse()
print("Reverse: ",l1)

l1.sort()
print("Sort: ",l1)
l1.sort(reverse=True)
print("Sort R: ",l1)

#stack - LIFO: add using append, remove: pop(-1)
#queue - FIFO: append, pop(0)

# 1,5,8,9,7

#add 5 numbers from the user
sum=0
nums=[]
for i in range(5):
num = int(input("Enter the number: "))
sum+=num
nums.append(num)
print("Sum is ",sum)
print("Printing values: ",nums)

#  [[a,b,c],[x,y,z],[p,q,r]]
master_list = []
for i in range(3):
temp=[]
for j in range(3):
m=int(input("Enter the marks: "))
temp.append(m)
master_list.append(temp)

print("Master list: \n",master_list)

'''
Assignment: Exten the above program to find highest marks for each subject and for
each students. Eg if the marks are: [[66, 77, 88], [98, 87, 76], [45, 65, 76]]
Highest for subject 1 = 98
2 = 87
3 = 88
Highest for Student 1 = 88
2 = 98
3 = 76
'''

# Dictionary - key:value
dict1 = {:,:, :,:}printtype
(dict1[])print
"Hello""Hola"

(dict1)
#deep copy
#shallow copy

(dict1.keys())print
(dict1.items())
i dict1.keys(): (i, dict1[i])
a,b dict1.items(): (a,b)
k dict1.items(): (k)
stats = {:[,,,],:[,,,],:[,,,]}for in
if "Virat"
print
dict3.pop()
print
#Sets
#data structures - collections: String, List, Tuple, Dictionary
#SETS - A B M O C - there is no order
# doesnt allow duplicate

set1 = {2,4,6,8}
print(set1)
#union intersection minus
set2 = {6,8,10,12}
#union
print(set1.union(set2))
print(set1 | set2)
#intersection
print(set1.intersection(set2))
print(set1 & set2)

#difference
print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set1 - set2)
print(set2.difference(set1))
print(set2 - set1)

#symmetric difference
#union of 2 differences
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set1, set2)

#update doesnt give new set, it changes the main set
set1.update(set2)

#union -> update
# {intersection_update, difference_update, symm_diff_update}
print(set1, set2)

set3 = {2,4,10,12}

# sets to list and to tuple
set1 = tuple(set1)
list(set1)
set()
Learning Python with Sahasra – 2023
print("HELLO")

# 1. INSTALLATION - getting your computer ready
# a. you can practice online at Google Colab (colab.reaserch.google.com)
# b. install all software on your machine -
## i. install Python : python.org and download the version of your choice
## ii. you can program on Python but its very easy to do
## iii. Another software to make it user friendly - IDE
## integrated development environment - you can practice
## eg Pycharm (jetbrains.com), VS Code , Notebooks like Jupyter, etc

print("Hello how are you?")
print('uyuyuiiugiub7y7 7t6t6vt87tovtotff87yvpyv')
print(5+11)
print('5+11=',5+11)
num1 = 5 #num1 are called variables
num2 = 11 #variable names are case sensitive, name should not start with a digit
#alphabets, numbers and underscore(_) - only these are allowed
print(num1 + num2)

var1 = 5 #let’s take a variable called var1 and make it equal to 5
# number without decimal point – integer
#var1 is a variable of type integer
print(“var1”)
print(var1)
print(type(var1))

var1 = 5.0 #float – -inf to +inf with decimal point
print(type(var1))

var1 = 5j #complex (imaginary) – i
# square root of -25 = sq rt(25* -1) = 5j
print(type(var1))
print(5j * 5j)

# string – text (str)
var1 = “hello”
print(type(var1))

#5th basic data types – bool (boolean – 2 values: True / False)
var1 = True
print(type(var1))

#Functions for explicit conversion – convert data from given type to this:
# int(), float(), complex(), str(), bool()
var1 = int(“5”)
print(type(var1))

quantity =49
cost_pc = 51.89
total_cost = quantity * cost_pc
print(“Total quantity bought is”,quantity,”each one at a cost of”,cost_pc,”so the total cost is”,total_cost)
print(f”Total quantity bought is {quantity} each one at a cost of {cost_pc:.1f} so the total cost is {total_cost}”)

pl=”Rohit”
cn=”India”
pos=”captain”
print(f”Player {pl:<12} plays for {cn:^12} and is {pos:>20} of the team!”)

pl=”Mabwange”
cn=”Zimbabwe”
pos=”Wicket-keeper”
print(f”Player {pl:<12} plays for {cn:^12} and is {pos:>20} of the team!”)

num1 = int(input(“Enter first number to be added: “)) #default input will read as str
print(type(num1))
num2 = int(input(“Enter second number to be added: “))
print(type(num2))
print(num1+num2)

var1 = 5
var2 = 5.0
var3 = "Hello"
var4 = True
var5 = 5j
#arithmetic operations
var1 = 15
var2 = 4
print(var1 + var2) #8
print(var1 - var2) #
print(var1 * var2)
print(var1 / var2)
print(var1 // var2) #integer divison, the integer part of the divison
print(var1 % var2) #modulo - remainder
print(var1 ** var2)

# a,b = 30,6 30 % 20

#Comparison operators: is ?? and answer will be bool
var1 = 15
var2 = 4
var3 = 15
print(var1 > var2)
print(var1 >= var3) #is it greater than or equal to
print(var1 < var2)
print(var2 <= var3)
print(var1 == var2)
print(var1 != var2)

#logical operators: input and output both are bool
#and, or, not
print(var1 == var2 and var1 != var2)
print(False and False) #False
print(False and True) #False
print(True and False) #False
print(True and True) # True

print(False or False) #False
print(False or True) #True
print(True or False) #True
print(True or True) # True
var1 = 15
var2 = 4
var3 = 15
print(var1 > var2 and var1 >= var3 or var1 < var2 or var2 <= var3 and var1 == var2 and var1 != var2)
#T or F
print("Hello \nHow are you \nI am fine thank you")
# \n is for newline
print("\\n is for newline")
print("\\\\n is for newline")

print("Hello",end=" ")
print("How are you",end=" ")
print("I am fine thank you",end="\n")

#Conditional statements
num1=0
if num1 > 0:
print("Positive")
print("This is a positive number")
print("my 3rd line for positive number")
elif num1 < 0:
print("Negative")
print("This is a negative number")
print("my 3rd line for negative number")
else:
print("Its neither positive or nagtive")
print("Thank you for using IF")

num1 = int(input("Enter a number to be tested: "))
if num1 %3==0:
print("Its divisible by 3")
else:
print("Its not divisible by 3")

avg = 89
if avg>=50:
print("Result: Pass")
#85: Grade A, 75> Grade B, >60: C, > 50-D
if avg>=85:
print("Grade: A")
if avg>=90:
print("Please collect your merit certificate!")
if avg>=95:
print("You win President's medal")
elif avg>=75:
print("Grade: B")
elif avg>=60:
print("Grade: C")
else:
print("Grade: D")
else:
print("Result: Fail")

# a & b=> which is greater
a=45
b=95
if a>b:
print("A is greater than B")
elif b>a:
print("B is greater than A")
else:
print("They are equal")

#Assignment:  take three numbers a,b,c and arrange them in increasing order without using any inbuilt function.

[Hint: Build on the last example shared]

 

#INPUT: a,b,c=20,60,30
#OUPUT: 20,30,60 (increasing order)
a,b,c=80,60,30

# a>b, b>c => clear
# a>b, c>b => wrote additional code to find

#b>a,
a, b, c=50,30,30  #increasing order
if a<b:
#print (f"{b} {a}")
if c<b: #b is greatest
if a<c:
print(f"{a}, {c}, {b}")
else:
print(f"{c}, {a}, {b}")
else: #c is greatest
print (f"{a}, {b}, {c}")
else: #b<a
if c<b: #b is greatest
print(f"{c}, {b}, {a}")
else: #b is lowest
if a<c:
print (f"{b}, {a}, {c}")
else:
print(f"{b}, {c}, {a}")

# 30<50=50

# LOOPS - repeation
#FOR loop - when we know exactly how many times to execute
### Range(a,b,c): generates values from a (inclusive) to b (exclusive) at steps of c
# range(2,12,3): 2,5,8,11
# range(3,12,3): 3,6,9
# range(6,10): a&b. c is default 1:
#range(5): b & a,c are deafult 0 and 1 respectively => 0,1,2,3,4
for i in range(5):
print("Hello",i)

for i in range(3,12,3):
print("Hi there", i)

for i in range(2,12,3):
print("Hello there", i)

print()
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

#While Loop = based on condition- executes till its True
#print("Hello")
# loops - for & while
## For loop is used when you know exactly how many times to run the loop
for i in range(2,10,2):
print("* ",i)
print("-------------")
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
print("-------------")
for i in range(5):
print("* "*5)

print("-------------")
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
print("-------------")
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
print("-------------")
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for x in range(j):
print(" ",end="")
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

print("--- Assignment ----------")
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''

#WHILE
i=0
while i<5:
print("hello")
i+=1

print("Thank you")

cont='y'
while cont=='y' or cont=='Y':
print("Ok, printing some values...")
cont = input("Do you want to continue? (y for yes)")


cont='y'
while cont=='y' or cont=='Y':
sum=0
for i in range(3):
marks = int(input("Enter the marks: "))
sum+=marks
print("Total marks is",sum,"and average is",sum/3)
cont = input("Do you want to continue? (y for yes)")
import turtle
#screen = turtle.getscreen()
plot = turtle.Turtle() #creates screen
screen = turtle.Screen()
turtle.Screen().bgcolor("yellow")
plot.forward(100)
turtle.color("red")
plot.right(90)
plot.forward(100)
plot.right(90)
plot.forward(100)
plot.right(90)
plot.forward(100)
##
plot.right(45)
plot.forward(100)
plot.right(45)
plot.forward(100)
plot.right(135)
plot.forward(100)
plot.right(45)
plot.forward(100)
plot.backward(100)
plot.left(45)
plot.backward(100)
plot.left(45)
plot.forward(100)
plot.right(45)
plot.forward(100)

## circle
plot.circle(50)


width = screen.window_width()
height = screen.window_height()

plot.penup()
plot.goto(width/2,height/2)
plot.pendown()
plot.dot(30,"red")


turtle.mainloop() #keep displaying the screen

# Forward, Backward, Left, Right
#When the value is = to 16 and you want to add 5, you add 5 units to 16
num1 = 18
num2 = 5
num3 = num1 + num2
num4 = num1 * num2
num5 = num1 / num2
num6 = num1 - num2

# 3 square + 4 square + 5 square + 6 square + 7 square
num1 = 3
num2 = 4
num3 = 5
num4 = 6
num5 = 7
result = num1 * num1 + num2*num2 + num3*num3 + num4*num4 + num5*num5
print ("Final result = ",result)

#read 2 values from the user and display val1 square + val2 square
val1 = input("Enter val1: ")
val1 = int(val1)
val2 = int(input("Enter val2: "))
#when you read using input by default values are of type string
print("Type = ", type(val1))
print("Result=", val1*val1+val2*val2)

#solve: 2x.x + 9x - 5 = 0
# 1. Calculate Descriminant: b.b - 4.a.c = 81+40=121
# 2. Root of D = 121 ** 0.5 = +/- 11
# 3. x = (-b +/-D) / 2.a = (a) (-9+11)/4 = 0.5 (b) (-9-11)/4 = -5
print("Solving a quadratic equation for x:")
a=4
b=2
c=-6
D = b**2 - 4*a*c
print("Finding Discriminant = ",D)
if D==0:
print("This equation has only 1 solution and x = ",(-b/(2*a)))
elif D<0:
print("This equation has imaginary solution")
else:
sol1 = (-b+D**0.5)/(2*a)
sol2 = (-b - D ** 0.5) / (2 * a)
print(f"Solutions are: {sol1} and {sol2}")


## x.x + 4.5x - 2.5 = 0 / (x+p)(x+q): p.q = -2.5 and p+q = 4.5



#If the number given divides into 2 whole numbers, then it is even. If it is divided by two and it is a decimal or fraction, then it is odd.

#If the number is divided by 5 and the value is a whole number, than it is a multiple of 5
# if <> - elif <> - else
num = -35
if num>0:
print("Its positive")
print("Its inside num > 0 condition")
else:
print("Its not positive")
print("What else")
print("This is another statement")

# In a block (only IF, IF-ELSE or IF-ELIF-ELSE)
num2 = -10
if num2==0:
print("Its zero")
elif num2<0:
print("Its negative")
else:
print("Its positive")

# WAP to check if a number is odd or even (I will do now)
#Modify the above program to give a message is number is less than 0
# Msg - "Invalid number
num3 = -11
if num3 %2==0:
print("Its even number")
else:
print("Its odd number")
num = 112
if num >0:
if num%2==0:
print(“Its positive and even”)
if num%4==0:
print(“Number is divisible by 4 also”)
else:
print(“Its negative and odd”)
elif num<0:
print(“Its negative”)
else:
print(“Neither positive nor negative”)

#loops
# for loop
#range(start, stop, increment)
#range(5,25,5) = 5,10,15,20
#counter = 51
#print(counter in range(5,25,5))
for counter in range(5,25,5):
print(counter)
##range(5,10) = (start=5,end=10, default increment=1) 5,6,7,8,9
#range(5) = (default start=0, end=5, default increment=1) = 0,1,2,3,4
num=10
for j in range(num):
for i in range(num):
print(“*”,end=” “)
print()

for j in range(num):
for i in range(j+1):
print(“*”,end=” “)
print()

for j in range(num):
for i in range(10-j):
print(“*”,end=” “)
print()

num=5
for j in range(1,11):
for i in range(1,11):
print(f”{i:<2} * {j:<2} = {j*i:<2},end=” “)
print()


# while
#WAP to input 5 numbers and find sum

sum=0
for i in range(5):
num = int(input(“Enter the number: “))
sum=sum+num
print(“Sum is “,sum)

#WAP to input numbers from the user till they want and find sum
sum=0
ch=‘y’
while ch==‘y’:
num = int(input(“Enter the number: “))
sum = sum + num
ch=input(“Enter y to accept more values, anyother key to stop:”)

print(“Sum is”,sum)

#Another implementation:
#WAP to input numbers from the user till they want and find sum
sum=0
while True:
num = int(input(“Enter the number: “))
sum = sum + num
ch=input(“Enter y to accept more values, anyother key to stop:”)
if ch!=‘y’:
break #command that will throw you out of the loop

print(“Sum is”,sum)
Machine Learning with Python – 01M0
print('5+3=',5+3)  #comment 1
#practice day 1
var1 = 45
print(type(var1)) #<class 'int'> integer
# we have 5 basic types of data (datatypes)

var1=55.0
print(type(var1)) #<class 'float'>

var1 = 3j
print(type(var1)) #<class 'complex'>
print(3j * 3j) #(-9+0j)

var1="Hello"
print(type(var1)) #<class 'str'> string

var1=True #False
print(type(var1))

quantity = 53
price = 119.77
total_cost = quantity * price
#The total cost of 50 pens costing 119 is total_cost
print("The total cost of",quantity,"pens costing",price,"is",total_cost)
#format string - f string
print(f"The total cost of {quantity} pens costing {price} is {total_cost:.2f}")

name1 ="Rohit";country="India"
position="Captain"
print(f"Player named {name1:.<12} plays for {country:X^15} and he is {position:>15} of the team")

name1 ="Mangwabate"
country="Zimbabwe"
position="Wicket-keeper"
print(f"Player named {name1:<12} plays for {country:^15} and he is {position:>15} of the team")

var1,var2 = 50, 60
print("I am here");print("Hello \\\n Ok \tfine",end=". ")
print("How are you?" );

#str, float, int, bool, complex
# \ is called escape character
num1 = 55
name1 = "Sachin"
#whenever you read as input, the data type will always be string
name2 = input("Enter your name: ")
print(name2)
num2 = input("Enter radius: ")
num2 = int(num2)
print(num2)
area = 3.14*num2*num2
print("Area = ",area)

# + / - *
# // (integer division - this will give you only integer part of the division)
# ** power
# %(modulo -remainder)
num1 = 13
num2 = 5
#Arithematic/math operations
print(num1 + num2)
print(num1 - num2)
print(num1 * num2)
print(num1 / num2) #output wll always be float
print(num1 // num2) #output will always be int
print(num1 ** num2) # 10 to the power 5
print(num1 % num2) #modulo -
#logical operators: Input is bool values and output is also bool: and or not
#and - even if one value is false it will give you false
#or - even if one value is True it will give you true
#not - opposite: not True = False
print(True and False)
print(False or False)
print(not False)
num1 = 9
num2 = 13
print("Logical operator")
print(num1 > num2 or num1 < num1 and num2 == num1 or num1 != num2 or num1!=num2)
#(T)


#comaprison operators: < > <= >= == != : True/False
num1 = 9
num2 = 13
print("is num1 equal to num2? ",num1==num2)
print("is num1 not equal to num2? ",num1!=num2)
print("is num1 greater than num2? ",num1>num2)
print("is num1 greater than or equal to num2? ",num1>=num2)
print("is num1 less than num2? ",num1<num2)
print("is num1 less than or equal to num2? ",num1<=num2)

r=5
pi=3.14
print("Radius = ",pi*r**2)
# is 71 divisible by 9 ?
print(71%9)

####################
#is x divisible by y or not?
#conditions - they are used to check if its condition 1 or 2
# if to check conditions followed by Conditional or logical- they only
# give you True or False as output
x = 72
y = 9
if x%y==0:
print(f"{x} is perfectly divisible by {y}")
print("PERFECT DIVISIBLE")
else:
print(f"{x} is NOT divisible by {y}")
num1 = 0
if num1 >0:
print("Its positive")
else:
print("Its not positive")

num1 = 0
if num1 >0:
print("Its positive")
elif num1<0:
print("Its negative")
else:
print("Its not positive")

sum=448
avg=sum/5
print("AVG = ",sum/5)
#if avg>90 - grade A
# 80-90 - grade B # 70-80 - grade C # 60-70 - grade D
# 50-60 - grade E #40-50" grade F #<40 - Fail
if avg>=90:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = A")
elif avg>=80:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = B")
elif avg >=70:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = D")
elif avg >=50:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = E")
elif avg>=40:
print("PASS")
print("Grade = F")
else:
print("Grade = Failed")

#Nested conditions
if avg>=40:
print("PASS")
if avg >= 90:
print("Grade = A")
if avg>=95:
print("You win President's medal!")
elif avg >= 80:
print("Grade = B")
elif avg >= 70:
print("Grade = C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("Grade = D")
elif avg >= 50:
print("Grade = E")
else:
print("Grade = F")
else:
print("Grade = Failed")

num1,num2,num3=10,15,20
if num1>=num2:
print(f"{num1} >= {num2}")
else:
print(f"{num2} >= {num1}")
#Repeating - loops in programming language
# range(a,b,c): a-start number (including), b-end number (excluding), c-increment
range(3,15,4) # 3, 7, 11,
range(3,7) # c is default 1: 3,4,5,6
range(4) #a is default 0, c is default 1: 0,1,2,3

# there are 2 ways loops are implemented in Python: FOR / WHILE
#for - when you know exactly how many times to run
for counter in range(1,11):
print(counter)
#odd numbers between 1 and 10
for i in range(1,11,2):
print(i)
# even numbers between 1 and 10
for i in range(2, 11, 2):
print(i)

for i in range(5):
print("*")

for i in range(5):
print("*",end=' ')
print("\n\n")
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=' ')
print()
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=' ')
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=' ')
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j-1):
print(" ",end='')
for k in range(j + 1):
print("*", end=' ')
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
'''
1* 1=1 2* 1=2 ... 10*1=10
...
1*10=10 2* 10=20 ... 10*10
'''
for n in range(1,11):
for m in range(1,11):
print(f"{m:>2} * {n:>2} = {n*m:>3}",end=" ")
print()

#while - when you until what condition
num = 51
isPrime = True
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
isPrime = False
break
if isPrime:
print("Its a prime number ")
else:
print("Its not a prime number ")

# print prime numbers between 1000 and 5000
start, end = 1000, 5000
for k in range(start, end + 1):
isPrime = True
for i in range(2, k):
if k % i == 0:
isPrime = False
break
if isPrime:
print(k, end=" , ")

### WHILE LOOP
#print numbers from 1 to 10
i = 1
while i <=10:
print(i)
i+=1

choice = True
while choice:
print("Hello")
ch = input("Press n to stop")
if ch=='n':
choice = False


while True:
print("Hello")
ch = input("Press n to stop")
if ch == 'n':
break
#Strings
str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "Hi there"
str3 = '''Hi there
how are you
Where are you?'''
str4 = """I am fine
I am here
How are you"""
print(str4)
print(str1 + str2)
print(str1 *3)

for i in str1:
print(i)

print(str1[2])
#str1[1] = "B"
print(str1[4], str1[-1])
print(str1[0],str1[-5])
print(str1[:3])
print(str1[-3:])

str1= "Hello How ARE YOU"
print(str1.isalnum())
num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
int(num1)
print(num1)
else:
print("Invalid number")

str2= ' '
print(str2.isspace())
print(str2.islower())
print(str2.isupper())

str3 = "Hello HI There"
print(str3.lower())
print(str3.upper())
print(str3.title())
str4 = str3.replace("h","ABC",1)
print(str4)
str4 = str3.split('e')
print(str4)
str5 = "e".join(str4)
print(str5)
print("HI" in str3)
print(str3.find("HI"))
print(str3.count('e'))
#Sets
#data structures - collections: String, List, Tuple, Dictionary
#SETS - A B M O C - there is no order
# doesnt allow duplicate

set1 = {2,4,6,8}
print(set1)
#union intersection minus
set2 = {6,8,10,12}
#union
print(set1.union(set2))
print(set1 | set2)
#intersection
print(set1.intersection(set2))
print(set1 & set2)

#difference
print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set1 - set2)
print(set2.difference(set1))
print(set2 - set1)

#symmetric difference
#union of 2 differences
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set1, set2)

#update doesnt give new set, it changes the main set
set1.update(set2)

#union -> update
# {intersection_update, difference_update, symm_diff_update}
print(set1, set2)

set3 = {2,4,10,12}

# sets to list and to tuple
set1 = tuple(set1)
list(set1)
set()
#List - linear ordered mutable
list1 = []
print(list1)
print(type(list1))
list1 = [2,4,6.5,"Hello",True,[2,8,12]]
print("Number of elements = ",len(list1))
print(list1[1])
print(type(list1[-2]))
print(type(list1[-1]))

#sum and avg of 5 marks
list_of_marks=[]
sum = 0
for i in range(0):
m=int(input("Enter marks: "))
list_of_marks.append(m)
sum+=m
print("Sum = ",sum)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)

## 2 ways to add values to an existing list: append, insert
list_of_marks.insert(1,100)#index, value
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,80)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,90)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,30)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.insert(1,40)
print("List of marks = ",list_of_marks)

list_of_marks.sort(reverse=True)
print("(Sort)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.reverse()
print("(Reverse)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)

num_to_delete = 80
if num_to_delete in list_of_marks:
list_of_marks.remove(num_to_delete)
print("(remove)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
list_of_marks.pop(3)
print("(pop)List of marks = ",list_of_marks)
num_to_delete = 80
if list_of_marks.count(num_to_delete) >0:
list_of_marks.remove(num_to_delete)
print("(remove)List of marks = ", list_of_marks)
list1 = [10,3,4,5,3,4,6,3,7,8,3,6]
print(list1.count(3))
print(list1.index(3)) #index(element,start,end)

#index of all the values in the list:
element_search = 3
inx_found=0
for i in range(list1.count(element_search)):
print(list1.index(element_search, inx_found), end=" ,")
inx_found = list1.index(element_search, inx_found) + 1
print()
list1 = [1,3,5,7]
list2 = list1 #they are same , just have 2 names
list3 = list1.copy() #copy - creates a different copy
print("1. List 1 = ",list1)
print("1. List 2 = ",list2)
print("1. List 3 = ",list3)
list1.append(15)
list2.remove(5)
list3.append(19)

print("2. List 1 = ",list1)
print("2. List 2 = ",list2)
print("2. List 3 = ",list3)

# TUPLE - immutable form of List
t1 = ()
print(type(t1))

t1 = (1,)
print(type(t1))

t1=list(t1)
t1.append(40)
t1 = tuple(t1)
#list, tuple and sets are all 3 inter convertible
#advantage of tuple -its fast to access
t2 = (1,2,3) #packing
a,b,c = t2 #unpacking
print(a,b,c)

#Dictionary - uses its own key to track values
#list, tuple, sets - linear

list1 = [2,3,4,5,2,3,4,2,3,2]
list1=list(set(list1))
print(list1)

#Dictionary: key:value pairs
d1 = {}
print(type(d1))
d1 = {4,5}
print(type(d1))

d1 = {4:"Sachin","Matches":5}
print(type(d1))
print(d1)
print("Keys: ",d1.keys())
print("Values: ",d1.values())
print("(Key, Value): ",d1.items())

print(d1['Matches'])
d2={'City':'Mumbai'}
d1.update(d2)
print(d1)

d2={'City':'Hyderabad'}
d1.update(d2)
print(d1)

#deep v shallow copy
d3 = d1 # deep - creates another name for d1
d4 = d1.copy()
print("D1 = ",d1)
print("D3 = ",d3)
print("D4 = ",d4)
d1.update({'Sports':'Cricket'})
print("D1 = ",d1)
print("D3 = ",d3)
print("D4 = ",d4)
#remove a member: pop(), popitem()
d1.pop(4) #pop takes key as input
print("D1 after pop: ", d1)
d1.popitem() #last added value is removed - remeber last added is not same as last updated
print("D1 after popitem: ", d1)

print(" iterating through keys: ")
for i in d1.keys():
print(i)
print(" iterating through values: ")
for i in d1.values():
print(i)

print(" iterating through items")
for i in d1.items():
print(i)
for i,j in d1.items():
print(f"Keys = {i} and value = {j}")

women = {101:"Renuka", 103:"Smriti",105:"Harmanpreet",107:"Deepti"}
men = {102:"Sachin",104:"Virat",106:"Rohit"}
all ={211:'Steve',222:'Warner'}
all.update(women)
all.update(men)
print(all)
for key,val in all.items():
if key in women.keys():
print(f"{val} plays in women's team")
elif key in men.keys():
print(f"{val} plays in men's team")
else:
print(f"{val} neither part of mens or womens team")
# SET - sets - linear unordered mutable collection - doesnt allow duplicate
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
print(type(set1))
set1.add('Cherry')
set2 = {"Pineapple","Mango","Apple","Orange"}
# two ways to remove
set1.remove("Banana")
set1.discard("Apple")
#set1.remove("Rose") - if value isnt there throws error
set1.discard("Rose") #doesnt throw error
print("1. Set1: ",set1)
set1.pop()
set1.update(set2) #union
print("2. Set1: ",set1)
set1.clear()
print("3. Set1: ",set1)
### SET FUNCTIONS ####
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
set2 = {"Pineapple","Mango","Apple","Orange"}
#UNION
print("UNION")
print(set1 | set2)
print(set1.union(set2))
print("INTERSECTION")
print(set1 & set2)
print(set1.intersection(set2))
print("DIFFERENCE")
print(set1 - set2)
print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set2 - set1)
print(set2.difference(set1))

print("SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE")
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set2 ^ set1)
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
#update() will update the values of main set
# set1.union(set2) - this gives a new set as output
# set1.update(set2) - set1 is updated with the values
# union - update()
set1.update(set2)
print(set1)
# intersection: intersection_update()
set1.intersection_update(set2)
print(set1)
# difference_update()
set1.difference_update(set2)
print(set1)
#symmetric_difference_update()
set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2)
print(set1)

# set, list, tuple => they are inter-convertible
list1 = [3,6,9,12,3,6,9,3,6,3]
list1 = list(set(list1))
print(list1)
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
set1 = list(set1)
set1.index("Grapes")
set1 = set(set1)
set1 = tuple(set1)
set1 = set(set1)
print(set1.issubset(set2))

#
list1 = [3,6,9,12,3,6,9,3,6,3]
list2 = [3,6,9,12,15]
#does all the elements of list2 present in list1?
t_list1 =set(list1)
if set(list1).issuperset(set(list2)):
print("yes, list2 value exists in list1")
else:
print("No, list2 has additional elements")
 
# Basic data types (stores only 1 value) - int, float, str,bool and complex
# Collections (stores multiple values - 1D) - list, tuple,dictionary, set
# functions - own functions - user defined functions
# print(), input(), type(), int(), str(), len() : in-built functions (developers of python have already written for us)
# we will learn to write our own functions

#first part of writting function is to Define the meaning- function
def mytext(val1, val2,val3):#required positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)

def mytext2(val1=0, val2=0,val3=9):#default positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
print("Values are: ",val1,val2,val3)
#demo keyword (non-positional) arguments
def mytext3(val1, val2,val3):#default positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
print("Values are: ",val1,val2,val3)


#default argument (non-required) & keyword argument (non-positional)
mytext(5,10,0)
print("Done with one time calling now calling second time")
mytext2(20,4,10)
mytext2(20,4)
mytext2(10,5,1)
mytext3(val3=10,val1=9,val2=8)
mytext3(100, val3=9,val2=8)
#print()
# numpy, pandas (Multi-D)

def isPositive(val1):
#result = "Positive" # "+ve" / 1
if val1 >0:
return 1
else:
return 0 #print("Its not Positive")

res = isPositive(100)
if res==1:
print("Its positive, now lets go ahead building our logic")
else:
print("STOP! STOP! STOP!")

isPositive(-100)
isPositive(90)
def myfun1(val1):  #Required positional argument
print(val1)

myfun1(10)

def myfun2(val1,val2,val3): #Required positional argument
print(val1, val2,val3)

myfun2(10,30,20)

# Default argument
def myfun3(val1,val2=100,val3="New York"): #Required positional argument
print(val1, val2,val3)
return val1+val2

myfun3(10,30)

## keywords - (non-positional)
result = myfun3(val2=99,val3=77,val1=44)
print("Result = ",result)

## single function to perform perimeter of triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon

def calcPerimeter(s1=0,s2=0,s3=0,s4=0,s5=0,s6=0):
if s1==0:
return "You have not provided any value!"
elif s2==0:
return "Perimeter of a line is the same value which is "+str(s1)
elif s3==0:
print("We cant have a closed shape with 2 only sides!")
elif s4==0:
print("Its a Triangle! Perimeter is",s1+s2+s3)
elif s5==0:
if s1==s2 and s2==s3 and s3==s4:
print("its a square with perimeter",s1*4)
elif s1==s2 and s4==s3:
print("Its a rectangle with Perimeter",2*(s1+s3))
else:
print("Its an irregular 4 sides shape with perimeter",s1+s2+s3+s4)
elif s6==0:
print("Its a pentagon with perimeter",s1+s2+s3+s4+s5)
else:
print("Its a hexagon with perimeter",s1+s2+s3+s4+s5+s6)

result = calcPerimeter()
print(result)
result = calcPerimeter(5)
print(result)
calcPerimeter(6,8)
calcPerimeter(8,7,5,4,3,3)

def checkNum(val1):
if val1 <0:
return -1 #for negative
elif val1==0:
return 0 #zero value
else:
return 1 #positive

res = checkNum(100)
if res==-1:
print("Negative")
elif res==0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive")

res = checkNum(-100)
if res==-1:
print("Negative")
elif res==0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive")
list1 = []

class Book:

num_books = 0 #class level variable

# object level method
def say_hi(self,n):
self.name=n #self. indicates name is specific to object
print(“Hi…”)
Book.num_books+=1

# class level variable
# class level method
# object level variable

b1 = Book()
b2 = Book()
b1.say_hi(“Python”)
b2.say_hi(“Django”)
print(b1.num_books)
print(b2.num_books)
print(Book.num_books)
print(“b1.name = “,b1.name)
print(“b2.name = “,b2.name)
#Book.name
class Library:
def __init__(self, library):
self.library = library
def _method2(self): #declared as protected
return “I am in Library!!!”
def __method3(self): #private declaration – cant be accessed outside of this class
return “I am in Library by method 3!!!”
def get_libname(self):
return self.library
class Books(Library): #Books is a derived class of Library class (base class)
title_count = 0
#__init__ – this is automatically called when object is created
def __init__(self, title, author,libname=“XYZ Library”):
Library.__init__(self,libname)
self.title = title
self.author = author

Books.title_count+=1

#get author – object
def get_author(self):
return self.author
def get_title(self):
return self.title

#count of the book
@classmethod
def get_bookcount(cls):
return cls.title_count
class Sample:
def sample_method(self):
Library._method2(self) #protected will not show up but still callable
#protected concept exists but not strictly implemented

def sample_method3(self):
Library.__method3(self) #private members are not accessible

b1 = Books(“Python Programming”,“Swapnil”)
b2 = Books(“Data Science Programming”,“Snehil”,“PQR Library”)
b3 = Books(“Blockchain”,“Ojass”)
print(“Number of books in the library = “,b1.get_bookcount())
print(“Number of books in the library = “,b3.get_bookcount())
print(“Title of the book = “,b1.get_title())
print(“Title of the book = “,b2.get_title())
l1 = Library(“ABC Local Library”)
print(“Library name = “,l1.get_libname())
print(“B1 Library is: “,b1.get_libname())
print(“LIBNAME = “,b1.get_libname())
print(“Method2 by Books: “,b1._method2())
s1 = Sample()
print(“Call by Sample: “,s1.sample_method())
#print(“Call by Sample: “,s1.sample_method3()) – throws error
# as private members cant be accessed

#print(“Method2 by Books: “,b1.__method3())- throws error
# as private members cant be accessed

MASTERLIST = [{“ItemCode”: 101,“Item”:“Shirt”,“Price”:28.2},
{“ItemCode”: 102,“Item”:“Bag”,“Price”:18.2},
{“ItemCode”: 103,“Item”:“Book1”,“Price”:38.2},
{“ItemCode”: 104,“Item”:“Watch”,“Price”:58.2},
{“ItemCode”: 105,“Item”:“Shoes”,“Price”:128.2},
{“ItemCode”: 106,“Item”:“Laptop”,“Price”:1028.2}]
class ShoppingCart:
def __init__(self):
self.myshoppingcart = []

#add product to the cart
def add_prod(self):
each_item = {}
item_name = input(“Enter the product Name: “)
not_in_list = True
for items in MASTERLIST:
if item_name==items[“Item”]:
not_in_list = False
if not_in_list:
print(“Sorry, That Item is Out of Stock!”)
else:
item_size = input(“Enter the product Size: “)
item_color = input(“Enter the product Color: “)
item_quantity = int(input(“Enter the product Quantity: “))
each_item ={“Item”:item_name,“Size”:item_size,“Color”:item_color,“Quantity”:item_quantity}
self.myshoppingcart.append(each_item)
#print(self.myshoppingcart)
def display_prod(self):
print(“Item Size Color Quantity”)
for i in self.myshoppingcart:
for k,j in i.items():
print(f”{j:<10}, end=” “)
print()

def remove_prod(self):
item_name = input(“Enter the product name to remove: “)
not_in_list = True
for items in self.myshoppingcart:
if item_name == items[“Item”]:
self.myshoppingcart.remove(items)
not_in_list = False

if not_in_list:
print(“Sorry, That Item is not in your shopping cart!”)
else:
print(“Item is now removed from your shopping cart!”)

def generate_receipt(self):
print(“Item Size Color Quantity Price”)
print(“=======================================================”)
item_cost = 0
price = 0
grand_total = 0
for i in self.myshoppingcart:
for k,j in i.items():
for master_list in MASTERLIST:
if j==master_list[“Item”]:
price=master_list[“Price”]

print(f”{j:<10}, end=” “)
if k==“Quantity”:
item_cost = j*price
grand_total+=item_cost
print(f”{round(item_cost):<10}, end=” “)
print()
print(“——————————————————-“)

print(” TOTAL: $”+str(round(grand_total)))
print(“=======================================================”)

if __name__==“__main__”:
sc1 = ShoppingCart()
sc2 = ShoppingCart()
while True:
print(“1. View my cart \n2. Add to my cart\n3. Remove from my cart\n4. Generate My Receipt\n5. Exit”)
ch=input(“Enter your option: “)
if ch==“1”:
if len(sc1.myshoppingcart)==0:
print(“Your shopping cart is empty!”)
else:
sc1.display_prod()
elif ch==“2”:
sc1.add_prod()
elif ch==“3”:
sc1.remove_prod()
elif ch==“4”:
if len(sc1.myshoppingcart)==0:
print(“Your shopping cart is empty!”)
else:
sc1.generate_receipt()
elif ch==“5”:
break
else:
print(“Invalid option”)

DATABASE TUTORIAL

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Descriptive Statistics – Types of Data

 

Quantitative Data
Numeric Data
Continuous
(Weight, Temperature,
etc)
Ratio
Interval
Data
Discrete
Qualitative Data
Categorical
Nominal
(There is no order in the values): {M, F} {N,S,E,W}
Ordinal
(There is an order): {1,2,3,4,5} {Good, Average, Bad}
Text
Data
Audio

 

Video

 

UNIVARIATE – One Variable

 

•WEIGHT: FREQUENCY TABLE & HISTOGRAM
•MARKS: FREQUENCY TABLE & HISTOGRAM
•GENDER: BAR GRAPH / PIE CHART
•REGIONS: BAR GRAPH / PIE CHART
•COURSE RATING: BAR GRAPH / PIE CHART/LINE GRAPH (IN A PARTICULAR ORDER)
•TEMPERATURE: FREQUENCY TABLE & HISTOGRAM
•SALES: LINE GRAPH
 

 

Lecture Notes – I
text1 = 'Hello' \
'World'
text2 = "hi there"

text3 = '''How are you
where are you
what do you want?'''
text4 = """I am fine"""
#I am just trying to run few programs

print(text1,end=' ') #printing first text print("Hello")
print(text2)
print(text3)
print(text4)
'''this is a
multi line text
please ignore'''

print(type(True))

cost = 60
quantity = 212
total_cost = cost * quantity
print("Cost of each pen is $",cost,"so for ",quantity,"pens, its going to be $",total_cost)
print(f"Cost of each pen is $ {cost} so for {quantity} pens, its going to be $ {total_cost}")
print("Hellon\nhow are you?\nI am fine")
txt1 = "Hello"
a1 = 5
b1 = False
#user input- will provide the value
inp1 = input("Enter your name:")
print(inp1)
inp2 = int(input("Enter your age:"))
print(type(inp2))
print(inp2)

num1 = 10
num2 = 20
#ArithmeticOperations
print(num1 + num2)
print(num1 - num2)
print(num1 * num2)
print(num1 / num2)
print(num1 // num2) #integer division - ignores the decimal part
print(num1 ** num2) #power - exponent
print(num1 % num2) #mod (modulus) - remainder

#Comparison operators: < > <= >= == !=
# :input is anything but output is always bool value

#Logical operations: and or not
# :both input and output are bool value
#comparison operators - output is always Bool
## > < >= <= == !=
num1 = 56
num2 = 56
num3 = 57
print(num1 <= num2) # less than or equal - T
print(num1 <= num3) # T
print(num1 < num2) # F
print(num1 >= num2) #T
print(num1 > num2) #F
print(num1 > num3) #F
print(num1 == num2) #T
print(num1 != num2) #F

#Logical operators
# Today we will do operators and conditions
# I do only operators
#
# Today we will do operators or conditions
# I do only operators

# and or not
num1 = 56
num2 = 56
num3 = 57
print(num1 <= num2 and num1 <= num3 or num1 < num2 and num1 >= num2 or num1 > num2 and num1 > num3 or num1 == num2 and num1 != num2)
#T
#

print()
num1 = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(type(num1))
#
# 1. Calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle with given sides
# 2. Calculate area and circumference of a circle with radius as input from the user

#conditional statements
num1 = -56
#ask you is it a positive number ?
if num1>0:
print("hello")
print("Yes its positive")
elif num1 <0:
print("Its negative")
else:
print("Its neither positive nor negative")

avg = 76

'''
avg>85 : Grade A
avg>70: Grade B
:avg >60: Grade C
avg >40: Grade D
<40: Grade E
'''
if avg >=85:
print("Grade A")
if avg >= 90:
print("You win special certificate")
if avg>95:
print("You get President's meddal")
elif avg>70:
print("Grade B")
elif avg>60:
print("Grade C")
elif avg>40:
print("Grade D")
else:
print("Grade E")

#get input of 3 numbers and find the largest and the smallest number
#loops - Keep repeating
# FOR - when you know how many times
# WHILE - untill the condition is true
#range(a,b,c): start = a, go upto b (excluding), c = increment
#range(3,19,4) = 3, 7, 11,15,
##range(3,9) (increment by default 1) - 3, 4,5,6,7,8
## range(4) (by default start=0, increment = 1)- 0,1,2,3
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")

print("\n -------------- \n\n")
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

print("\n -------------- \n\n")
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

print("\n -------------- \n\n")
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

print("\n -------------- \n\n")
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

print("\n -------------- \n\n")
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j):
print("",end=" ")
for i in range(5-j):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
*
* *
* ** *
* *
'''

sum=0
while True:
num1 = int(input("Enter a number (-999 to stop):"))
if num1==-999:
break #throw us out of the current loop
sum+=num1


print("Sum of the given numbers are: ",sum)


## check if prime number

while True:
num1 = int(input("Enter a number (0 to stop/negative numbers not allowed): "))
if num1 == 0:
break
if num1<0:
print("Invalid number")
continue
isPrime = True
for i in range(2,num1//2+1):
if num1 % i==0:
isPrime=False
break

if isPrime:
print(f"{num1} is a Prime number")
else:
print(f"{num1} is not a Prime number")

## generate if prime number
num1=0
while True:
#num1 = int(input("Enter a number (0 to stop/negative numbers not allowed): "))
num1+=1
if num1 == 0:
break
if num1<0:
print("Invalid number")
continue
isPrime = True
for i in range(2,num1//2+1):
if num1 % i==0:
isPrime=False
break

if isPrime:
print(f"{num1}")
ch=bool(input())
if ch!=False:
break

#read the marks of 5 subjects and print total and average

total = 0

while True:
for i in range(5):
marks = int(input("Enter the marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
total+=marks

print(f"Total marks is {total} and average is {total/5:.2f}")
ch=bool(input())
if ch:
break
### Enter marks for 5 subjects for as long as user wants to repeat
while True:
sum = 0
for i in range(5):
marks = int(input("Enter your marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
sum+=marks
print("Total marks obtained = ",sum)

ch=bool(input("Enter any key to stop:"))
#converting empty string to bool will result in
# False, anything will result in True
if ch:
break


########################
####
str1 = 'HELLO'
str2 = "I am fine"
str3 = '''Where are you going?
How long will you be here?
What are you going to do?'''
str4 = """I am here
I will be here for next 7 days
I am going to just relax and chill"""
print(type(str1),type(str2),type(str3),type(str4))
print(str1)
print(str2)
print(str3)
print(str4)

# What's you name?
str5 = "What's your name?"
print(str5)
#He asked,"Where are you?"
str6 = 'He asked,"Where are you?"'
print(str6)

#He asked,"What's your name?"
#escape sequence \
print('''He asked,"What's your name?"''')
print("He asked,\"What's your name?\"")

print('nnnnn\nnn\tnn')

print("\FOlder\\newfolder")
# \n is used to print newline in python
print("\\n is used to print newline in python")

# \\n will not print newline in python
print("\\\\n will not print newline in python")

str1 = "Hello You"
str2 = "There"
print(str1 + str2)
print(str1 *5)
for i in str1:
print("Hello")

#indexing
print(str1[2])
print("last element: ",str1[4])
print("last element: ",str1[-1])
print("second element: ",str1[-8])
print("ell: ",str1[1:4])
print("ell: ",str1[-8:-5])
print("First 3: ",str1[:3])
print("First 3: ",str1[:-6])
print("Last 3: ",str1[6:])
print("Last 3: ",str1[-3:])
#Methods - exactly same as your functions - only difference is they are linked to a class
import time
str1 = "HELLO"
print(str1.replace("L","X",1))

sub_str = "LL"
str2 = "HELLO HOW WELL ARE YOU LL"
cnt = str2.find(sub_str)
print("Count = ",cnt)

if cnt<0:
print("Sorry, no matching value hence removing")
else:
print("Value found, now replacing")
for i in range(5):
print(". ",end="")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
print(str2.replace(sub_str,"OOOO"))


out_res = str2.split("LL")
print("Output Result = ",out_res)

out_str = "LL".join(out_res)
print(out_str)

print(str2.title())
print(str2.lower())
print(str2.upper())

str3 = 'hello how well are you ll'
print(str3.islower())
print(str3.isupper())

num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
num1 = int(num1)
else:
print("Invaid input")

ename = input("Enter your first name: ")
if ename.isalpha():
print("Your name is being saved...")
else:
print("Invaid name")

#WAP to count of vowels in a sentence
para1 = "Work, family, and endless to-do lists can make it tough to find the time to catch up. But you'll never regret taking a break to chat with your friend, Frost reminds us. Everything else will still be there later."
sum=0
for l in para1:
if l=='a' or l=='A' or l=='e' or l=='E' or l=='i' or l=='I' or l=='o' or l=='O' or l=='u' or l=='3':
sum+=1
print("Total vowesl = ",sum)
sum=0
for l in para1.lower():
if l=='a' or l=='e' or l=='i' or l=='o' or l=='u':
sum+=1
print("Total vowesl = ",sum)

sum=0
for l in para1.lower():
if l in 'aeiou':
sum+=1
print("Total vowesl = ",sum)

########## LIST
#LIST
#collection of linear ordered items
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(type(list1))
print("Size = ",len(list1))

print(list1[0])
print(list1[-1])
print(list1[3])
print(list1[:3])
print(list1[-3:])
print(list1[1:4])

for i in list1:
print(i)

print([2,3,4]+[6,4,9])
print([2,3,4]*3)

str2 = "A B C D A B C A B A "
print(str2.count("D"))
print(list1.count(3))
l1 = [2,4,6,8]
print(l1.append(12))
print(l1)
l1[0]=10
print(l1)

l1.insert(2,15)
print(l1)

# Queue: FIFO
# Stack: LIFO

if 16 in l1:
l1.remove(16) #takes in value to remove
l1.remove(15)
print(l1)
l1.pop(1) #index
print(l1)

#################
while False:
print("Queue is: ",l1)
print("1. Add\n2. Remove\n3. Exit")
ch=input("Enter your choice: ")
if ch=="1":
val = input("Enter the value: ")
l1.append(val)
elif ch=="2":
l1.pop(0)
elif ch=="3":
break
else:
print("Try again!")

while False:
print("Stack is: ",l1)
print("1. Add\n2. Remove\n3. Exit")
ch=input("Enter your choice: ")
if ch=="1":
val = input("Enter the value: ")
l1.append(val)
elif ch=="2":
l1.pop(-1)
elif ch=="3":
break
else:
print("Try again!")

l2 = l1 #they become same
l3 = l1.copy()
print("1. List1 = ",l1)
print("1. List2 = ",l2)
print("1. List3 = ",l3)

l1.append(33)
l2.append(44)
l3.append(55)

print("2. List1 = ",l1)
print("2. List2 = ",l2)
print("2. List3 = ",l3)

l1.extend(l3)
print(l1)
print(l1.count(6))

sum=0
marks=[]
for i in range(3):
m = int(input("Enter marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
marks.append(m)
sum+=m
print("Sum is ",sum, "and average is ",sum/3)
print("Marks obtained is ",marks)

#THREE STUDENTS AND THREE SUBJECTS:
allmarks=[]
for j in range(3):
sum=0
marks=[]
for i in range(3):
m = int(input("Enter marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
marks.append(m)
sum+=m
print("Sum is ",sum, "and average is ",sum/3)
print("Marks obtained is ",marks)

allmarks.append(marks)

print("All the marks are: ",allmarks)

# All the marks are: [[88, 66, 77], [99, 44, 66], [44, 99, 88]]
# find the highest marks of each subject


#
num = 51
isPrime = True
for i in range(2,num):
if num%i==0:
isPrime = False
break
if isPrime:
print("Its a Prime number")
else:
print("Its not a prime number")

###
start1,end1= 500,5000
for j in range(start1,end1+1):
isPrime = True
for i in range(2, j):
if j % i == 0:
isPrime = False
break
if isPrime:
print(j,end=", ")

# while loop
#While loop
i=1
while i<=10:
print(i)
i+=1

ch=True
while ch:
num=int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num%2==0:
print("Its an even number!")
else:
print("Its an odd number")
choice=input("Do you want to continue (press n to stop):")
if choice=='n':
ch=False


while True:
num=int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num%2==0:
print("Its an even number!")
else:
print("Its an odd number")
choice=input("Do you want to continue (press n to stop):")
if choice=='n':
break


import random

n=1
total_attempts = 0
max=0
min=99999999
for i in range(n):
comp_num = random.randint(1,100)
print("Random: ",comp_num)
attempt = 0
while True:
guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
#guess = random.randint(1, 100)
attempt+=1
if guess == comp_num:
print("Congratulations! You have guessed it correctly. Attempts = ",attempt)
total_attempts+=attempt
if attempt>max:
max=attempt
if attempt <min:
min=attempt
break
elif comp_num > guess:
print("Sorry! You have guessed low!")
else:
print("Sorry! You have guessed high")

print("Avg attempts = ",total_attempts/n)
print("Max attempts =",max,"and Minimum attempts = ",min)



'''
Avg attempts = 99.384
Max attempts = 529 and Minimum attempts = 1
'''

#######
import random

n=500
total_attempts = 0
max=0
min=99999999
for i in range(n):
comp_num = random.randint(1,100)
print("Random: ",comp_num)
attempt = 0
low,high=1,100
while True:
#guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
guess = random.randint(low, high)
attempt+=1
if guess == comp_num:
print("Congratulations! You have guessed it correctly. Attempts = ",attempt)
total_attempts+=attempt
if attempt>max:
max=attempt
if attempt <min:
min=attempt
break
elif comp_num > guess:
print("Sorry! You have guessed low!")
low= guess+1
else:
print("Sorry! You have guessed high")
high=guess-1

print("Avg attempts = ",total_attempts/n)
print("Max attempts =",max,"and Minimum attempts = ",min)

'''
Avg attempts = 7.522
Max attempts = 15 and Minimum attempts = 1
'''
txt1 = "HELLO"
txt2 = 'How are yOU?'
# what's your name?
print("what's your name?")
print('He asked,"Where are you?"')

#He asked,"What's your name?"
print('''He asked,"What's your name?"''')
print("He asked,\"What's your name?\"")

txt3 = '''How are you?
Where are you?
what do you want?'''
txt4 = """I am fine
I am here
I want nothing"""
print(txt4)

for ch in txt1:
print(ch)
print(txt1+" "+txt2)
print(txt1*10)

#indexing
print(txt1[0])
print(txt1[4])
length = len(txt1)
print("Total characters = ", length)
print(txt1[length-1])
print(txt1[-1])
print(txt1[length-2])
print(txt1[length-3])
print(txt1[-3])
print(txt1[0]+txt1[1]+txt1[2])
print(txt1[0:3])
print(txt1[0:4])
print(txt1[1:4])
print(txt1[2:5])
print(txt1[-3:])
print(txt1[:])

#METHODS ARE INBULT FUNCTIONS OF A CLASS
print(txt1.lower())
print(txt2.upper())
#String - class
# functions specific to classes are called methods

str1 = "O I see I am fine see you are NICE"
str2 = "hello hi"
print(str1.islower())
print(str2.islower())
str3 = str2.upper()
print(str3)
print(str3.isupper())

num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
num1=int(num1)
else:
print("Invalid number as input, setting it it zero")
num1 = 0
print("Num1 = ",num1)

#create username with only alphabets and numbers
username = input("Enter your username: ")
if username.isalnum():
print("Username accepted")
else:
print("Invalid Username!")

print(str1.upper())
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.title())

str1 = "O I see I am fine I see I you are NICE"
print("i" in str1)
print(str1.find('I'))
print(str1.count('I'))
print(str1.find('I',3))
print(str1.find('I',9))

char = "ee"
num_pos = str1.count(char)
print("Total times char is present = ",num_pos)
print("Their positions are: ",end=" ")
start_pos = 0
for i in range(num_pos):
nxt_val = str1.find(char,start_pos)
print(nxt_val,end= " , ")
start_pos = nxt_val+1

print(str1.replace("ee","EE"))

words = str1.split("I")
print(words)
str6 = "I".join(words)
print(str6)
#LIST
l1 = [5,4,"Hello",99,False,100,[20,10, 5]]
print(type(l1))
print(len(l1))
l2 =l1[-1]
print(l2[1])
print(l1[-1][2])
print(l1[1:4]) #4, "hello" 99
print("Only Integer values fom List")
for i in l1:
if str(i).isdigit():
print(i)

print(l1+l2)
print(l2*5)
list1 = [2,4,6,8,10]
list1.insert(2,33)
list1.remove(10) # remove asks
print(list1)
# let's simulate Queue behavior: FIFO
list2 = []
while True:
print("1. Add Value to the Stack")
print("2. Remove Value from the Stack")
print("3. Exit from the Stack")
ch=input("Enter the operation you want to perform: ")
if ch=="1":
value = input("Enter the member to be added: ")
list2.append(value)
print("Printing the stack:",list2)
elif ch=="2":
list2.pop(0) # position is entered
print("Printing the stack:", list2)
elif ch=="3":
print("Removing all the values from the queue and terminating it!")
list2.clear()
break
else:
print("Invalid options")

#STACK - FILO
list2 = []
while True:
print("1. Add Value to the Queue")
print("2. Remove Value from the Queue")
print("3. Exit from the queue")
ch=input("Enter the operation you want to perform: ")
if ch=="1":
value = input("Enter the member to be added: ")
list2.append(value)
print("Printing the queue:",list2)
elif ch=="2":
list2.pop(0)
print("Printing the queue:", list2)
elif ch=="3":
print("Removing all the values from the queue and terminating it!")
list2.clear()
break
else:
print("Invalid options")

#WAP to input marks in 3 subjects for 3 students
# [[1,2,3], [10, 20,30], [5,0,15]]
num_students = 3
num_subjects = 3

all_data=[]
for i in range(num_students):
t_list = []
for j in range(num_subjects):
val = input("Enter the marks in subject "+str(j+1)+" and student "+str(i+1)+": ")
t_list.append(val)
all_data.append(t_list)
print("Display all data: ",all_data)

l1 = [1,3,6,5,7,7,7]
#List is mutable
l1[2]=50
print(l1)
count = l1.count(7)
print("Count = ", count)
print("Index = ", l1.index(7))

#deep copy v shallow copy
print("1. Before")
print(l1)
l2 = l1 # deep copy
l3 = l1.copy()#shallow copy
print("1. AFTER")
print("Values in Chapter 1 and Room 1:", l1)
print("Values in Chapter 1 and Room 1:", l2)
print("Values in Chapter 1 and Room 1:", l3)
l1.append(50)
l3.insert(100,200)
l2. insert(45,20)
print("2. AFTER")
print("Values in Chapter 1 and Room 1:", l1)
print("Values in Chapter 1 and Room 1:", l2)
print("Values in Chapter 1 and Room 1:", l3)

l1 = [10,40,60,20,40,80]
l1.sort()
print("Sort: ",l1)
l1.reverse()
print("Reverse: ",l1)
l3=[3]
l3.extend(l1) # l3 = l3 + l1
print(l3)

#l3 = l1 +l2

#Assignment: Read marks in 3 subjects for 3 students and find the highest marks in each subject

START PLANNING ON BELOW PROJECT WORK

Ignore the libraries to be used instructions above, instead, use Connecting to Database and save and retrive data from the database. You can use SQLITE3 or MYSQL or any database of your choice. You need to implement all the features mentioned.

#TUPLE - immutabe form of List
t1 = (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20) #packing
print(type(t1))
print(t1[4])

t2=()
print(type(t2))

t3=(3,)
print(type(t3))

for i in t1:
print(i, end=" , ")
print()
t1 = list(t1)
print(type(t1))
t1.append(99)
t1=tuple(t1)
t2 = (3,6,9,12)
a,b,c,s = t2
print(a)

t4=(5,99)
t5=(5,99)
if t4>t5:
print(t4, "greater")
elif t5>t4:
print(t5, "greater")
else:
print("Both are same")

##Dictionary: there is no defaut order
# each member has its own key
dict1 ={"Name": "Rohit","Sport":"Cricket",1:"Captain",1:100}
print(type(dict1))
print(dict1['Name'])
print(dict1[1])

#Immutable: String, Tuple
#Mutable: List, Dictuinary, Sets
t_dict = {'City':'Mumbai'}
dict1.update(t_dict)
print(dict1)

dict2 = dict1
dict3 = dict1.copy()

print("1. Dictionaries")
print(dict1)
print(dict2)
print(dict3)

dict1.pop(1)
dict3.popitem()
print("2. Dictionaries")
print(dict1)
print(dict2)
print(dict3)

print("Items (Key,value): ",dict1.items())
print("Values: ",dict1.values())
print("Keys: ",dict1.keys())
dict1.clear()
print(dict1)

marks_dict={}
for i in range(2):
name1 = input("Enter the students name: ")
t_list = []
for j in range(3):
m=int(input("Enter marks: "))
t_list.append(m)
marks_dict.update({name1:t_list})

print("Marks details: ")
for i,j in marks_dict.items():
print(f"{i} obtained marks: {j}")


list_temp= ['Maths','Science','Social Studies']
all_marks = {}
student1 = {}.fromkeys(list_temp,-9)
all_marks.update(student1)

print("All marks: \n",all_marks)
for i in all_marks.keys():
marks = int(input("Enter the marks for "+i+" : "))
all_marks[i]=marks

print("All marks are: ",all_marks)
#Basic data types
val1 = 5 #int
print(type(val1))

val1 = '5' #str
print(type(val1))

val1 = 5.0 #float
print(type(val1))

val1 = True #bool - True / False
print(type(val1))

val1 = 5j #complex - j (square root of -1)
print(type(val1))

val1 = 4

## comparison operators - takes num as input but gives bool as output
## logical operators: take bool value as input and gives bool as output
# AND: All the values have to be True to be True else its False
# True and True = True
# T and T and T and T and T and T and F = False

# OR: All the values have to be False to be False otherwise its True
## True or False = True

## control structure with logical operators, you mean multiple conditions
val1 = 185

if val1>0 and val1 <100:
print("Value is between 0 and 100")

## Basic graphics, sets, functions,
list1 = [5, 5,5,8.3, False,"Hello",[1,6,9]]
tup1 = (5, 8.3, False,"Hello",[1,6,9]) #list and tuple have auto index: 0...
dict1 = {5:"Hello","Name":"Sachin"}

# SET -
set1 = {"Apple","Banana"}
print(type(set1))
print(set1)
# sets - union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference
set1 = {2,4,6,8}
set2 = {1,3,5,7,6,8}
# union - it puts all the values together
set3 = set1.union(set2)
print("Set 3 = ", set3)
#SETS
set1 = {1,2,3,10,20}
set2 = {1,2,3, 50,60}
print("UNION: ")#union
set3 = set1.union(set2)
print(set3)
print(set1 | set2)

print("INTERSECTION: ")#
set3 = set1.intersection(set2)
print(set3)
print(set1 & set2)

print("DIFFERENCE: Set1 - Set2")#
set3 = set1.difference(set2)
print(set3)
print(set1 - set2)

print("DIFFERENCE: Set2 - Set1")#
set3 = set2.difference(set1)
print(set3)
print(set2 - set1)

print("SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE")#
set3 = set2.symmetric_difference(set1)
print(set3)
print(set2 ^ set1)


#### update, difference_update, intersection_update, symmetric_difference_update)
#without update, the operations result in new sets but with update, existing set is updated

### Functions - giving a name to a block of code
def mystatements(): # user defined functions
print("Whats your name?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("How are things?")

mystatements()
mystatements()
mystatements()

#below is an example of udf which doesnt take any argument nor does it return any value
def add_2_num():
num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
num2 = input("Enter another number: ")
sum = num1 + num2
print("total value is",sum)

#add_2_num()
#this is an example of function returning a value (still no arguments)
def add_2_num_ret():
num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
num2 = input("Enter another number: ")
sum = num1 + num2
#print("total value is",sum)
return sum
#result = add_2_num_ret()
#print("After return value is", result)


#example of function that takes argument
#TYPE 1 Required positional arguments
def add_2_num_arg(num1, num2):
sum = num1 + num2
#print("total value is",sum)
return sum

#TYPE 2: Default (opp of Required) positional arguments
def add_2_num_arg1(num1, num2="19"): #num2 is default
sum = num1 + num2
#print("total value is",sum)
return sum

#values are mapped from left to right
output = add_2_num_arg1("15","89")
print("Result from add_2_num_arg1: ",output)

output = add_2_num_arg1("15")
print("Result from add_2_num_arg1: ",output)

# TYPE 3: Keyword arguments (non-Positional)
output = add_2_num_arg1(num2 = "15",num1 = "89")
print("Result from add_2_num_arg1: ",output)


# TYPE 4: Variable length arguments
def myfun1(*var1, **var2):
print("Var 1 = ",var1) #Tuple
print("Var 2 = ", var2) #Dictionary

myfun1(2,4,99,"hello",False,[2,3,4],num2 = "15",num1 = "89")
#WAP to count positive numbers entered by a user
def checkPositive(*num): #variable length arguments
total=0
for i in num:
if i >0:
total+=1
return total

def checkPositive2(num): #variable length arguments
if num >0:
print("Positive")
else:
print("Not Positive")

def checkPositive3(num): # variable length arguments
if num > 0:
return 1
else:
return 0

val1 = [13,35,90,-9,0,8]
tot = checkPositive(13,35,90,-9,0,8,-8,-6,6)
print("Number of positive values = ",tot)

val2 = -9
result = checkPositive3(val2)
if result==1:
print("Number is positive")
else:
print("Number is not positive")


total = 0
val1 = [13,35,90,-9,0,8]
for i in val1:
total += checkPositive3(i)
print("Total positive values = ",total)

#######################

def myfactorial(n):
if n<=1:
return 1
else:
return n * myfactorial(n-1)

result = myfactorial(-5)
print("Factorial is ",result)
# return 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1
# 2 = 2 * 1!
# 1 * 0!
val = 5
aList = [2,4,5,3,5,6,7,5]
count = 0
for item in aList:

if item==val:
count=count+1

print("Count = ",count)


'''
import random
a = random.random() # random value between 0 and 1
print(a)
b = random.randint(1,3)
print(b)

a <- 5 #assignment in APSC exam language, in Python: a =5
a = 5 # is a equal to 5? in Python a ==5

aList <- [2,4,6,8]
DISPLAY aList[1]

a <- aList[3]

aList[2] <- 10 # [2,10,6,8]
INSERT(aList, 2,10) # [2,10,4,6,8]
APPEND(aList,20) # [2,10,4,6,8,20]
REMOVE(aList,4) # [2,10,4,8,20]
LENGTH(aList) #len(aList) - python

# In Python we say:
for item in alist:
pass

#in APSC lang
FOR EACH item in aLists
{

}


def fun1(n1,n2):

return 1

PROCEDURE fun1(n1,n2)
{

RETURN (1)
}
'''
Learn Python

DAY 1

#interpreter - Python, R
#compiler - Java, C C++
print(5-3) #adding 5 and 3
print()
print("5+3=",5+3,"and 5*6=",5*6) #you can use " or '
print(5/0)
print("48578wefoiwefue89guaiuodgjadfgj")

# comments sdjfhasdufasodihs
# mistake
#syntax - grammar
#
#mistake
print('Hello '
'Good evening') #single line text
print("Hi")
print('''How
are
you?''')
print("""I am fine""") #multi line
num1 = 4
print("Data type of num1 is ",type(num1))
'''variable names has to begin with either an alphabet
or with _. It can contain, numbers, alphabets and _ '''

num2 = 3
print(4+3)
print("5+4=",5+4)
''' how
are
you
i am fine'''
# Five basic datatypes in Python
num1 = 4
print("Data type of num1 is ",type(num1))
num1 = 4.0
print("Data type of num1 is ",type(num1))
num1 = 4j
print("Data type of num1 is ",type(num1))
num1 = "4"
print("Data type of num1 is ",type(num1))
num1 = True
print("Data type of num1 is ",type(num1))

cost = 25.897896876;quant = 50;total = cost * quant;
print("Cost of each book is $",cost,"so for",quant,"copies, the total cost is $",total)
print(f"Cost of each book is ${cost:.3f} so for {quant} copies, the total cost is ${total:.1f}")
#format string

pl = "Virat"
count = "India"
position="captain"
print(f"{pl:<15} is {position:.^15} of {count:>15} and plays cricket")
pl = "Bywangengeger"
count = "Zimbabwe"
position="Wicket-keeper"
print(f"{pl:<15} is {position:.^15} of {count:>15} and plays cricket")

#WAP to input l and b of a rectangle and calculate area and perimeter
#WAP to input s of a square and calculate area and perimeter
#WAP to input r of a circle and calculate area and circumference
#\ is called excape sequence
#\n within the quotation will break into different line
#\t - tab space - give tab space
print("Cost of each book is $ 25.897896876 \nso for 50 copies, the total cost is $ 1294.8948438")

print("\\n is for newline")
#Arithemtic operations - mathematical operations: + - * / //  **  %
num1 = 10 #Assignment operator
num2 = 20
print(num1 + num2)
print(num1 - num2)
print(num1 * num2)
print(num1 / num2)
print(num1 // num2) #integer division
print(num1 ** num2) # exponent-power
print(num1 % num2) # modulus - remainder

#Comparison operators - can take any value but output is always bool
# == != < > <= >=
num1 = 10
num2 = 20
print(num1 == num2) #F
print(num1 != num2) #T
print(num1 > num2) #F
print(num1 < num2) #T
print(num1 >= num2) #F
print(num1 <= num2) #T

#logical operators: input is boolean and output is also bool
## and or not
##and will give False even if one value is False rest everything True
##or will give True even if one value is True rest everything False
print(True and False)
print(True or False)

print(num1 == num2 or num1 != num2 and num1 > num2 or num1 < num2 and num1 >= num2 or num1 <= num2)
#T
# 2 +8 +21+10 = 41

avg=4
if avg>=50:
print("Result: PASS")
print("i m still in if")
else:
print("Result: FAIL")

num1 = -99
if num1 >0:
print("Its a positive number")
elif num1<0:
print("Its a negative number")
else:
print("Its a zero")

print("Thank you")

avg = 65
'''
avg>=90: Grade A
avg>=80: Grade B
avg>=70: Grade C
avg>=60: Grade D
avg>=50: Grade E
avg<50: Grade F

'''
a,b,c = 10,12,8
if a>=b:
#either a is greater or equal
if a>=c:
print(f"{a} is greatest value")
else:
print(f"{c} is greatest value")
else:
#b is greater
if b>=c:
print(f"{b} is greatest value")
else:
print(f"{c} is greatest value")
#Assignmnt : Modify the above program to display 3 number is descending order

#loops - repeating
#FOR - how many times
#range(a,b,c) - generates value from a upto b and increasing by c
#range(5,19,4) - 5, 9,13,17
#range(4,19,5) - 6,11,17
#WHILE - repeating based on condition
#IF ELIF ELSE
avg = 78

'''
>90 - Grade A, 80-90: B, 70-80: C, 60-70: D 50-60: E 40-50: F
<40: Failed
'''
if avg>=90:
print("Grade A")
elif avg>=80:
print("Grade B")
elif avg>=70:
print("Grade C")
elif avg>=60:
print("Grade D")
elif avg>=50:
print("Grade E")
elif avg>=40:
print("Grade F")
else:
print("Grade: Fail")

#if you get more than 40: print - Pass
avg=55
if avg>=40:
print("Pass")
if avg >= 90:
print("Grade A")
if avg>=95:
print("You win President's medal!")
elif avg >= 80:
print("Grade B")
elif avg >= 70:
print("Grade C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("Grade D")
elif avg >= 50:
print("Grade E")
else:
print("Grade F")
else:
print("Grade: Fail")


# LOOPS - repeating same statements more than once
print("Hello")
# print(), type(), input(), int()- str(), bool(),float()

sum = 5+3
print(type(sum))
sum = str(sum)
print(type(sum))

#range(a,b,c) = a:start number (including) b:ending (excluding) c:increment
range(3,9,2) # 3,5,7
range(3,7) # c is default =1: 3,4,5,6
range(4) #a=0, c=1 (default): 0,1,2,3

#For: exactly how many times
for i in range(3,9,2):
print(i, 'hello')
for i in range(3, 6):
print(i, 'hello')
for i in range(3):
print(i, 'hello')
for i in range(1,6,2):
print(i)

for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

#While: dont know how many times but you the condition
for counter2 in range(5):
for counter in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for counter2 in range(5):
for counter in range(counter2+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for counter2 in range(5):
for counter in range(5-counter2):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for counter2 in range(5):
for counter in range(5-counter2):
print(" ",end="")
for counter3 in range(counter2+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

for j in range(1,11):
for i in range(1,11):
print(f"{i:<2} * {j:<2} ={j*i:>3}", end=" ")
print()
for j in range(1,11):
for i in range(1,11):
print(f"{i:>2} * {j:>2} = {j*i:>3}", end=" ")
print()

#While loop:
#print values from 1 to 10
i=1
while i<=10:
print(i)
i+=1 #i=i+1

i=1
ch="y"
while ch=="y":
print(i)
i+=1 #i=i+1
ch=input("Hit y to continue or anyother key to stop: ")

total = 0
for i in range(3):
marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))
total+=marks

print("Total marks = ",total,"and average is: ",total/3)

#

ch="y"
total=0
counter = 0
while ch=="y":
marks =int(input("Enter the marks: "))
counter+=1
total+=marks
ch=input("Enter y to continue")

print("Total marks = ",total,"and average is: ",total/counter)

#

total=0
counter = 0
while True: #infinite
marks =int(input("Enter the marks: "))
counter+=1
total+=marks
ch=input("Enter y to continue")
if ch!='y':
break

print("Total marks = ",total,"and average is: ",total/counter)

#

total=0
counter = 0
while True: #infinite
marks =int(input("Enter the marks: "))
if marks<0:
continue
counter+=1
total+=marks
ch=bool(input("Enter anykey to stop"))
if ch:
break

print("Total marks = ",total,"and average is: ",total/counter)

#Strings

str1 = "Hello"
str2 = 'hi there'
print(str1)
print(str2)
str3 = '''good evening
how are you?
hows going?
are you alright?'''
str4 = """take care"""

print(str3)
print(str4)

str2 = 'hi there'
print(str1 + str2)
print(str1*4)
#read a portion of the text
print(str2[3])
print(str2[0:4])
print(str2[:4])
print(str2[-1])
print(str2[-3])
print("Total: ", len(str2))
print(str2[-3:])

for i in str1:
print(i)

str1 = "I am DOing well"
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.upper())
print(str1.title())

#strings are immutable - you cant edit them, you can overwrite
#str1[1] = "K"

str1 = "hello"
print(str1.islower())
print(str1.isdigit())

num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
num1 = int(num1)
print(num1)
else:
print("Invalid number")
txt1 = "hello123"
print(txt1.isalnum())

#split, search, join
str1 = 'HELLO How ARE YOU'
str2 = "hello"
#Strings are immutable - they cant be edited
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.upper())
print(str1.title())
print(str2.isalnum())
num1 = input("Enter your age: ")
if num1.isdigit():
num1 = int(num1)
else:
print("Invalid number, try again!")

val2=" a "
print(val2.isspace())
print(val2.isalpha())

# islower(), isupper(), istitle()
print(val2[1])
#val2[1]="A" - not possible as strings are immutable
str3 = "how are you oops I mean you yOu"
print("check: ", 'w a' in str3)
print(str3.count('you'))
print(str3.index('you'))

#
res=str3.split("o")
print("split: ",res)
txt = "o".join(res)
print(txt)
# List - store multiple values -
# they need not be of same datatype

l1 = [5,10,15,"Hello", False, [4,5,6]] #list
print(type(l1))
print(l1[1]) #second member
print(l1[3][1])

print([1,2,3] + [4,5,6])
print([3,6,9] * 3)
print("Length of List = ",len(l1))
for i in l1:
print(i)

l2 = [12,34,23,54,89,76,49,29]
sum=0
for i in l2:
sum+=i
print("Sum of the values in the list = ",sum)
l2 = [12,34,23,54,55,76,55,29]
l2[1]=55
print(l2)

print(l2.count(55))

ind=0
print("Indices: ",end=" ")
for i in range(l2.count(55)):
index = l2.index(55,ind)
print(index,end=" , ")
ind = index+1
print()
l3 = l2 # copy by = DEEP COPY
l4 = l2.copy() #copy by copy method - SHALLOW COPY
print("1. Copying")
print("L2: ",l2)
print("L3: ",l3)
print("L4: ",l4)
l2.append(99) #append adds element at the end
l2.insert(0,9) #insert adds element at the given position (pos,element)

print("2. Copying")
print("L2: ",l2)
print("L3: ",l3)
print("L4: ",l4)

l2.pop(2)
l2.remove(54)
print("After remove: ",l2)
l2.reverse()
print(l2)
l2.sort()
print("Sorted: ",l2)
l2.sort(reverse=True)
print("Sorted: ",l2)

l2.clear()
print(l2)

## TUPLES - immutable version of list
t1 = (2,)
print(type(t1))
l1 = ['hello',25,45,False,[2,4,6], 45]
l9 = [False,[2,4,6], 45,'hello',25,45]
# TUPLE - linear ordered immutable collection
t1 = ('hello',45,False,[2,4,6])
print(type(t1))
t2 = tuple(l1)
l2 = list(t1)

print(t2)
print(type(t2))

print(t2.count(45))
print(t2.index(45))

t3 = ()
print("first t3: ",type(t3))

t3 = (3,)
print("second t3: ",type(t3))

t3 = (3,5)
print("third t3: ",type(t3))
print(t2[2])
#Dictionary - key:value mutable collection

d1 = {}
print("Type of d1 is ",type(d1))
d1={"First":10, 5:"Hello", "Completed":False}
print(d1[5])

t={"City":"Hyderabad"}
d1.update(t)
print(d1)
t1={5:"Learn Python"}
d1.update(t1)
print(d1)

####
emp_id = [1001,1002,1009,1015]
incentive = [30,32,35,39]

emp_incentive = {1001:30, 1002:32,1009:35,1015:39}

#How much incentive should be given to emp with id 1009
print(emp_incentive[1009])
print(incentive[emp_id.index(1009)])

pos = emp_id.index(1009)
print(incentive[pos])

#keys, values, items
print(d1.values())
print(d1.keys())
print(d1.items())
print("Printing values")
for i in d1.values():
print(i)
print("Printing keys")
for i in d1.keys():
print(i)
print("Printing items")
for i,j in d1.items():
print("Key:",i," and value: ",j)
# SET - sets - linear unordered mutable collection - doesnt allow duplicate
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
print(type(set1))
set1.add('Cherry')
set2 = {"Pineapple","Mango","Apple","Orange"}
# two ways to remove
set1.remove("Banana")
set1.discard("Apple")
#set1.remove("Rose") - if value isnt there throws error
set1.discard("Rose") #doesnt throw error
print("1. Set1: ",set1)
set1.pop()
set1.update(set2) #union
print("2. Set1: ",set1)
set1.clear()
print("3. Set1: ",set1)
### SET FUNCTIONS ####
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
set2 = {"Pineapple","Mango","Apple","Orange"}
#UNION
print("UNION")
print(set1 | set2)
print(set1.union(set2))
print("INTERSECTION")
print(set1 & set2)
print(set1.intersection(set2))
print("DIFFERENCE")
print(set1 - set2)
print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set2 - set1)
print(set2.difference(set1))

print("SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE")
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set2 ^ set1)
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
#update() will update the values of main set
# set1.union(set2) - this gives a new set as output
# set1.update(set2) - set1 is updated with the values
# union - update()
set1.update(set2)
print(set1)
# intersection: intersection_update()
set1.intersection_update(set2)
print(set1)
# difference_update()
set1.difference_update(set2)
print(set1)
#symmetric_difference_update()
set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2)
print(set1)

# set, list, tuple => they are inter-convertible
list1 = [3,6,9,12,3,6,9,3,6,3]
list1 = list(set(list1))
print(list1)
set1 = {'Apple','Grapes','Banana','Orange'}
set1 = list(set1)
set1.index("Grapes")
set1 = set(set1)
set1 = tuple(set1)
set1 = set(set1)
print(set1.issubset(set2))

#
list1 = [3,6,9,12,3,6,9,3,6,3]
list2 = [3,6,9,12,15]
#does all the elements of list2 present in list1?
t_list1 =set(list1)
if set(list1).issuperset(set(list2)):
print("yes, list2 value exists in list1")
else:
print("No, list2 has additional elements")
# Basic data types (stores only 1 value) - int, float, str,bool and complex
# Collections (stores multiple values - 1D) - list, tuple,dictionary, set
# functions - own functions - user defined functions
# print(), input(), type(), int(), str(), len() : in-built functions (developers of python have already written for us)
# we will learn to write our own functions

#first part of writting function is to Define the meaning- function
def mytext(val1, val2,val3):#required positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)

def mytext2(val1=0, val2=0,val3=9):#default positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
print("Values are: ",val1,val2,val3)
#demo keyword (non-positional) arguments
def mytext3(val1, val2,val3):#default positional argument
print("Hello How are you today?")
print("Where are you going?")
print("I am fine.",val1)
print("Values are: ",val1,val2,val3)


#default argument (non-required) & keyword argument (non-positional)
mytext(5,10,0)
print("Done with one time calling now calling second time")
mytext2(20,4,10)
mytext2(20,4)
mytext2(10,5,1)
mytext3(val3=10,val1=9,val2=8)
mytext3(100, val3=9,val2=8)
#print()
# numpy, pandas (Multi-D)

def isPositive(val1):
#result = "Positive" # "+ve" / 1
if val1 >0:
return 1
else:
return 0 #print("Its not Positive")

res = isPositive(100)
if res==1:
print("Its positive, now lets go ahead building our logic")
else:
print("STOP! STOP! STOP!")

isPositive(-100)
isPositive(90)
#Functions with input arguments, return values
#Input arguments - required positional arguments, default, keywords arguments
def fun1(a,b):
pass

a=fun1(b=3,a=2)

#variable length arguments
def myfun2(*a, **c):
print("A has: ",a)
print("C has: ",c)

myfun2(5,6,100,8,11,"Hello",name="Sachin",city="Mumbai",Sports="Cricket")

#lambda, annoynomous or one-line - functions

a=lambda n1,n2,n3:n1*n2+n3
print(a(2,3,4))

#map, filter, reduce - special properties for LIST
list_ft = [20000,29000,30000,32000,30000,25000,33000,18000,11000,19000]
list_mt=[]
for i in list_ft:
list_mt.append(i/3.1)
print(f"Data in metres = {list_mt}")

list_mt_2 = list(map(lambda i:i/3.1,list_ft))
print(f"Data in metres = {list_mt_2}")

#Filter
list_filter = list(filter(lambda i:i%10000==0,list_ft))
print("Filtered values: ",list_filter)

#Filter 2
list_filter = list(filter(lambda i:i<20000,list_ft))
print("Filtered values: ",list_filter)

# reduce
import functools
list1 = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35] #140
val = functools.reduce(lambda a,b:a+b,list1)
print(“Result = “,val)

#functions – they are independent: print(), len(), input(), int()
#methods – they are part of a class: list (append,sort..), dictionary(copy…),string()
#in class, you have to first create an object
list1 = [] # create an object
#list1.append()

#function, you dont have to create any object – object of what??

# function
def onename():
print(“I am fine”)
print(“I am here”)
print(“I will stay here”)
def somename():
print(“Whats your name?”)
print(“What are you doing here?”)
print(“How are you?”)
return 100,200,300
x,y=2,3
def adding(x,y): # required positional arguments
print(“X = “,x,“y=”,y)
return x+y
def subtracting(a,b):
return a-b
result = adding(5,7)

result = subtracting(result,5)
#print(“Result is”,result)

b = somename()
print(“b = “,b)
a = print(“Hello”)
print(“a = “,a)
somename()

print()

def mycalc1(x,y,z): #required positional arguments
add = x+y+z
sub = z-x+y
print(“X, Y, Z are “,x,y,z)
return add,sub

r1,r2 = mycalc1(5,10,20)
print(“Result are”,r1,r2)

def mycalc2(x,y,z=15): # (x & y) are required, z is default (non-required): all of them are positional arguments
add = x+y+z
sub = z-x+y
print(“X, Y, Z are “,x,y,z)
return add,sub

r1,r2 = mycalc2(5,10,20)
print(“Result are”,r1,r2)

r1,r2 = mycalc2(5,10)
print(“Result are”,r1,r2)
#Function declaration for Required positional arguments
def myfun1(a,b,c):
print(f”A = {a}, B={b}, C={c} )
return a+b+c

def myfun2(a,b,c=25): #c is default, a and b are required, all are positional
print(f”A = {a}, B={b}, C={c} )
return a+b+c

myfun1(50,100,15) #calling required positional
myfun2(10,20) # c is default
#for non positional (keyword arguments) – depends upon the way we call
myfun1(c=50,a=100,b=15)

myfun2(b=23,a=54)

# function that will return true if a number is prime or else False
def isPrime(num):
prime = True
for i in range(2,num):
if num %i==0:
prime = False
break
return prime
result = isPrime(15)
if result:
print(“Number is Prime”)
else:
print(“Number is not a Prime”)

# generate range of prime numbers
start, end = 5000,6000
for j in range(start,end+1):
result = isPrime(j)
if result:
print(j,end=“, “)
print()

#variable length arguments
def mySum1(*var,**var2): # * to accept variable number of arguments
”’
This is a demo function to show the working of variable number of arguments
:param var: will read as tuple
:param var2: will read as dictionary
:return: sum of elements in the tuple
”’
print(var2) #read as dictionary
# *var would be a tuple
sum=0
for i in var: #(5,2,1,3,8,6,4)
sum+=i # sum = sum+i
return sum

output = mySum1()
print(“Output = “, output)
output = mySum1(2,3)
print(“Output = “, output)
output = mySum1(5,10,0,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,10,20,name=“Sachin”,game=“Cricket”,fame=“Batsman”)
print(“Output = “, output)

print(mySum1.__doc__) #doc string (documentation)
print(print.__doc__)
print(input.__doc__)

#
def try_recur(n):
print(“Hello”)
if n>2:
try_recur(n-1)

try_recur(50)

##function to find factorial of a number
def myFactorial(num):
prod = 1
for i in range(1,num+1):
prod *=i # prod = prod * i
return prod

fact = myFactorial(5)
print(“Factorial = “,fact)

def myRFacto(num):
if num==1:
return 1
else:
return num*myRFacto(num-1)

fact = myRFacto(5)
print(“Factorial = “,fact)

Filename: P5.py

#recursive functions
def facto(n):
if n==1:
return 1
return n * facto(n-1) # 10 * 9!

#decorators
def myfunc1():
print(“This is my func1”)

def myfunc2():
print(“This is my func2”)

def myfunc3(abc):
print(“This is my func3 line 1”)
abc()
print(“This is my func3 line 2”)

if __name__ ==“__main__”:
val = facto(5)
print(“Factorial is “,val)
myfunc3(myfunc1)

Filename: P6.py

# import option 1
import MyPack1.modul1
import p5

val = p5.facto(5)
print(val)
# import option 2: with alias
import p5 as MyTopChoices
MyTopChoices.myfunc3(MyTopChoices.myfunc1)

# import option 3
from p5 import myfunc3,myfunc2,myfunc1
myfunc2()

# importing package
import MyPack1.modul1 as p1m1
p1m1.myfunc3(10)

from MyPack1 import *
MyPack1.modul1.myfunc2(2,5,8)

## using random module
import random
print(“Random val = “,random.random())
print(“Random integer = “,random.randint(1,100))
#Object Oriented Programming
#class & objects
#apple – class, hold it, eat it -object

# create a class – define some properties
# to use a class – you have to create an object
# object will have properties of the class and few more

class Book:
num_of_books = 0 #class variable
publisher = “Eka Publishers”
def __init__(self,book_title, pages=100,book_author=“”): #object function
self.pages = pages #object variables
self.title = book_title
self.author = book_author
Book.num_of_books +=1

def display_details(self):
print(“Title: “,self.title)
print(“Author: “,self.author)
print(“Pages: “,self.pages)
print(“Total books = “,Book.num_of_books)

@classmethod
def total_count(cls):
print(“Total books = “,cls.num_of_books)

b1 = Book(“Python Programming”, 350,“Swapnil Saurav”) #object is created – __init__() is called automatically
b2 = Book(“Machine Learning”, 550,“Swapnil Saurav”)
b3 = Book(“Data Visualization”, 250,“Swapnil Saurav”)
#b1.create_book(“Python Programming”, 350,”Swapnil Saurav”) #object function is called
b2.display_details()
print(type(b1))
class MyMathOps:
def __init__(self,n1,n2):
self.n1 = n1
self.n2 = n2
self.add = –1
self.subtract = –1
self.multiply = –1
self.divide = –1

def myadd(self):
self.add= self.n1 + self.n2
return self.add
def mysubtract(self):
self.subtract = self.n1 – self.n2
def mymultiply(self):
self.multiply = self.n1 * self.n2
def mydivide(self):
self.divide = self.n1 / self.n2

class SpecialOps:
def __init__(self,num):
self.number = num
print(“Num = “,num)


def isPrime(self):
prime = True
for i in range(2,self.number//2 + 1):
if self.number % i ==0:
prime = False
break
return prime

if __name__ ==“__main__”:
op1 = MyMathOps(5,15)
#

op2 = MyMathOps(5,10)
print(op1.myadd()) #1. class Abstraction
print(op1.mymultiply())
op2.mydivide()
print(op1.divide)

l1 = [4,5,6,7]
l1.append(5)
sp1 = SpecialOps(11)
print(“Prime: “,sp1.isPrime())
import p3
from p3 import MyMathOps as mp

c1 =mp(10,20)
c1.myadd()
print(“Add = “,c1.add)

class ShoppingCart:
def __init__(self):
self.myshoppingcart = []

#add product to the cart
def add_prod(self,item):
self.myshoppingcart.append(item)

sc1 = ShoppingCart()
while True:
print(“1. View my cart \n2. Add to my cart\n3. Remove from my cart\n4. Exit”)
ch=input(“Enter your option: “)
if ch==“1”:
if len(sc1.myshoppingcart)==0:
print(“Your shopping cart is empty!”)
else:
print(“Products in your cart are: “,sc1.myshoppingcart)
elif ch==“2”:
item = input(“Enter the product you want to add: “)
sc1.add_prod(item)
elif ch==“3”:
pass
elif ch==“4”:
break
else:
print(“Invalid option”)
class ShoppingCart:
def __init__(self):
self.myshoppingcart = []

#add product to the cart
def add_prod(self):
each_item = {}
item_name = input(“Enter the product Name: “)
item_size = input(“Enter the product Size: “)
item_color = input(“Enter the product Color: “)
each_item ={“Item”:item_name,“Size”:item_size,“Color”:item_color}
self.myshoppingcart.append(each_item)
#print(self.myshoppingcart)
def display_prod(self):
print(“Item Size Color”)
for i in self.myshoppingcart:
for k,j in i.items():
if k==“Item”:
print(f”{j:<10}, end=” “)
else:
print(j,end=” “)
print()


sc1 = ShoppingCart()
while True:
print(“1. View my cart \n2. Add to my cart\n3. Remove from my cart\n4. Exit”)
ch=input(“Enter your option: “)
if ch==“1”:
if len(sc1.myshoppingcart)==0:
print(“Your shopping cart is empty!”)
else:
sc1.display_prod()
elif ch==“2”:
sc1.add_prod()
elif ch==“3”:
pass
elif ch==“4”:
break
else:
print(“Invalid option”)
MASTERLIST = [{“ItemCode”: 101,“Item”:“Shirt”,“Price”:28.2},
{“ItemCode”: 102,“Item”:“Bag”,“Price”:18.2},
{“ItemCode”: 103,“Item”:“Book1”,“Price”:38.2},
{“ItemCode”: 104,“Item”:“Watch”,“Price”:58.2},
{“ItemCode”: 105,“Item”:“Shoes”,“Price”:128.2},
{“ItemCode”: 106,“Item”:“Laptop”,“Price”:1028.2}]
class ShoppingCart:
def __init__(self):
self.myshoppingcart = []

#add product to the cart
def add_prod(self):
each_item = {}
item_name = input(“Enter the product Name: “)
not_in_list = True
for items in MASTERLIST:
if item_name==items[“Item”]:
not_in_list = False
if not_in_list:
print(“Sorry, That Item is Out of Stock!”)
else:
item_size = input(“Enter the product Size: “)
item_color = input(“Enter the product Color: “)
item_quantity = int(input(“Enter the product Quantity: “))
each_item ={“Item”:item_name,“Size”:item_size,“Color”:item_color,“Quantity”:item_quantity}
self.myshoppingcart.append(each_item)
#print(self.myshoppingcart)
def display_prod(self):
print(“Item Size Color Quantity”)
for i in self.myshoppingcart:
for k,j in i.items():
print(f”{j:<10}, end=” “)
print()

def remove_prod(self):
item_name = input(“Enter the product name to remove: “)
not_in_list = True
for items in self.myshoppingcart:
if item_name == items[“Item”]:
self.myshoppingcart.remove(items)
not_in_list = False

if not_in_list:
print(“Sorry, That Item is not in your shopping cart!”)
else:
print(“Item is now removed from your shopping cart!”)

def generate_receipt(self):
print(“Item Size Color Quantity Price”)
print(“=======================================================”)
item_cost = 0
price = 0
grand_total = 0
for i in self.myshoppingcart:
for k,j in i.items():
for master_list in MASTERLIST:
if j==master_list[“Item”]:
price=master_list[“Price”]

print(f”{j:<10}, end=” “)
if k==“Quantity”:
item_cost = j*price
grand_total+=item_cost
print(f”{round(item_cost):<10}, end=” “)
print()
print(“——————————————————-“)

print(” TOTAL: $”+str(round(grand_total)))
print(“=======================================================”)

if __name__==“__main__”:
sc1 = ShoppingCart()
sc2 = ShoppingCart()
while True:
print(“1. View my cart \n2. Add to my cart\n3. Remove from my cart\n4. Generate My Receipt\n5. Exit”)
ch=input(“Enter your option: “)
if ch==“1”:
if len(sc1.myshoppingcart)==0:
print(“Your shopping cart is empty!”)
else:
sc1.display_prod()
elif ch==“2”:
sc1.add_prod()
elif ch==“3”:
sc1.remove_prod()
elif ch==“4”:
if len(sc1.myshoppingcart)==0:
print(“Your shopping cart is empty!”)
else:
sc1.generate_receipt()
elif ch==“5”:
break
else:
print(“Invalid option”)
”’
WAP to implement Stack properties:
add, delete: LIFO
”’
class MyStack:
def __init__(self):
self.mystack=[]
def add(self,val):
self.mystack.append(val)
def delete(self):
self.mystack.pop()
def display(self):
print(“Values in the stack are:\n,self.mystack)

# create the object
stack1 = MyStack()
stack1.add(40)
stack1.add(10)
stack1.add(20)
stack1.add(60)
stack1.add(50)
stack1.add(80)
stack1.display()
stack1.delete()
stack1.display()
stack1.delete()
stack1.delete()
stack1.display()


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https://learn.swapnil.pwLearn and Practice Python

 

Refer Python notes here for installation of software:   https://learn.swapnil.pw

#Scipy - scientific python
import scipy

#Permutation & Combination
## Both are about choosing r things from given n things
## default case replacement is not allowed

## Permutation order is important - n! / (n-r)!
## Combination is where order is not important - n! /(n-r)! r!

## 6 B & 4 G - I need to form a committe with 4 members, there has to be atleast a Boy
## 3B - 1G - x1
## 2B - 2 G - x2
## 1B - 3G - x3
## 4B - x4
## total= x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
from scipy.special import comb, perm
sum = 0
cnt = comb(6,3,repetition=False) * comb(4,1)
sum+=cnt
cnt = comb(6,2) * comb(4,2)
sum+=cnt
cnt = comb(6,1) * comb(4,3)
sum+=cnt
cnt = comb(6,4) * comb(4,0)
sum+=cnt
print("Total combination possible is ",sum)

#Permutation
# 4 coats, 5 waist coats, 6 caps - 3 members
#abcd lmnop
cnt1 = perm(4,3)
cnt2 = perm(5,3)
cnt3 = perm(6,3)
print("Total permutation = ", cnt1*cnt2*cnt3)

#####################################
######### OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM #####
#####################################
# There is a company that makes: laptops (profit = 750) and desktops (1000)
#objective is to Maximize profit
# x = no. of laptops = 750x
# y = no. of desktops = 1000x
#solution = 750x + 1000y
## constraint 1 =Processing chips = 10,000 = requires 1 chip each
## ==> x + y <= 10,000
## Memory chipset 1 GB size - Latops need 1GB memory , Desktops need 2GB
## ==> x + 2y <= 15,000
##Time to assemble 1 laptop = 4min, desktop = 3min, total time 25,000 min available
## ==> 4x + 3y <=25,000

## x+y <= 10
## x+2y <=15
## 4x+3y <=25
import numpy
from scipy.optimize import linprog, minimize,LinearConstraint



l = 1 #num of laptops
d = 1 #num of desktops
profit_l = 750
profit_d = 1000
total_profit = l*profit_l + d * profit_d
objective =[-profit_l, -profit_d] #minimization problem
## x+y <= 10
## x+2y <=15
## 4x+3y <=25
lhs_cons = [[1,1],
[1,2],
[4,3]]
rhs_val = [10000,
15000,
25000]
bnd = [(0,float("inf")),(0,float("inf"))]
optimize_sol = linprog(c=objective, A_ub=lhs_cons, b_ub=rhs_val,bounds=bnd,method="revised simplex")
if optimize_sol:
print(optimize_sol.x[0], optimize_sol.x[1])
print("Total profit = ",optimize_sol.fun*-1)


print("==================")
lhs_cons=[]
rhs_val=[]
while True:
l1 = int(input("Enter the value for notebook: "))
l2 = int(input("Enter the value for desktop: "))
y1 = int(input("Enter the value for Y: "))
lhs_cons.append([l1,l2])
rhs_val.append(y1)
ch=input("Do you have more constraints: ")
if ch!="y":
break
print("LHS Constraints = ",lhs_cons)
print("RHS Values = ",rhs_val)

#Pandas - dataframe - is a way to read data in table format (row & column)
import pandas as pd

data = [["Sachin",47],["Virat",33],["Rohit",35]]
df1 = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=['Name','Age'])
print(df1)
import pandas as pd
import sqlite3
con_str = sqlite3.connect("LibraryMS.db")
cursor = con_str.cursor()
q1 = "select * from students"
rows = cursor.execute(q1)
list2 = list(rows.fetchall())

con_str.close()
data_df = pd.DataFrame(list2)
print(data_df)

list1=[["Q1 2022",2300,3400,1900],
["Q2 2022",2300,3400,1900],
["Q3 2022",2300,3400,1900],
["Q4 2022",2300,3400,1900]]
print(list1)
columns=["Quarter","Apple","Banana","Oranges"]
ind=["Jan-March","April-June","Jul-Sep","Oct-Dec"]
data_df = pd.DataFrame(list1, columns=columns,index=ind)
print(data_df)
# df.iloc & loc
print(data_df.iloc[0:3,-3:])
print(data_df.iloc[0:3,[1,3]])

print(data_df.loc[['Jan-March',"Oct-Dec"],['Apple',"Oranges"]])

import pandas as pd

data_df1 = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swapnilsaurav/Dataset/master/user_usage.csv")
print(data_df1)
data_df2 = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swapnilsaurav/Dataset/master/user_device.csv")
print(data_df2)
import pandas as pd
import unicodedata
import nltk


#remove accent functions
def remove_accent(text):
txt = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',text).encode('ascii',errors='ignore').decode('utf-8')
return txt
#getting the stop words set
STOP_WORDS = set(remove_accent(word) for word in nltk.corpus.stopwords.words('portuguese'))

#defining a function to perform NLP processes
def nlp_analysis_1(comment):
#nlp 1. convert to lowercase
comments = comment.lower()
#nlp 2. remove accents
comments = remove_accent(comments)
#nl 3. tokenize the content
tokens = nltk.tokenize.word_tokenize(comments)
return tokens

reviews = pd.read_csv("C:\\Users\\Hp\Downloads\\OnlineRetail-master\\order_reviews.csv")
#print(reviews['review_comment_message'])
#Step 1: removed the null values
comment_text = reviews[reviews['review_comment_message'].notnull()].copy()
print(comment_text.columns)
comment_text['review_comment_message'] = comment_text['review_comment_message'].apply(nlp_analysis_1)
print(comment_text['review_comment_message'])

SQL Learning

livesql.oracle.com

Select * from hr.employees;

 

select first_name, last_name,hire_date,salary from hr.employees;

 

select first_name FirstName, last_name,hire_date,salary from hr.employees;

 

select first_name || ‘ ‘|| last_name  FULLNAME,hire_date,salary from hr.employees;

 

select first_name || ‘ ‘|| last_name  FULLNAME,hire_date,salary *12 ANNUAL_SALARY from hr.employees;

 

select first_name || ‘ ‘|| last_name  FULLNAME,hire_date,salary *12 ANNUAL_SALARY from hr.employees order by Last_name;

 

 

select first_name || ‘ ‘|| last_name  FULLNAME,hire_date,salary *12 ANNUAL_SALARY 

from hr.employees 

order by Hire_date, Last_name;

 

select first_name || ‘ ‘|| last_name  FULLNAME,hire_date,salary *12 ANNUAL_SALARY , COMMISSION_PCT

from hr.employees 

order by COMMISSION_PCT NULLS First;

 

 

select first_name “First Name”, last_name,hire_date,salary from hr.employees;

 

select first_name, last_name,hire_date,salary from hr.employees where salary>=9000;

 

select first_name, last_name,hire_date,salary from hr.employees 

where salary>=9000 and salary <=12000;

 

select first_name, last_name,hire_date,salary from hr.employees 

where salary BETWEEN 9000 and 12000;

 

select first_name, last_name,hire_date,salary, DEPARTMENT_ID from hr.employees 

where salary>=9000 or DEPARTMENT_ID =80;

 

select distinct salary from hr.employees;

 

— Tendulkar  9000

— Tendulkar  15000

January 2023 Evening
#interpreter: Python R
print("Hello")
print(5+4)
print('5+4=',5+4,'so what even 4+5=',4+5)
a=5 # variable
print("type of a in line #5 is ",type(a))
print("a = ",a)
#type of data (datatype) is integer - numbers without decimal point -99999,999
a = 5.0 #data type is float - numbers with decimal point, -999.5, 0.0, 99.9
print("type of a in line #9 is ",type(a))
a = 5j # i in Maths - square root of -1
print("type of a in line #11 is ",type(a))
#square root of -4 = 2i
print("a*a = ",a*a) #
a=9
print("a = ",a)
#function - print(), type()
# ,
#variable - constant
# is comment - Python these are not for you. these for us
a="HELLO" #text - in python type - string str
print("type of a in line #21 is ",type(a))

 

 

a = True #boolean = True or False
#print(type(a))
print(“type of a in line #24 is “,type(a))
#compiler: C. C++ Java

#Android – STORY MANTRA – after you login
#on the home page you will see- CATEGORIES -> Technical
#Technical -> Python, R ,

print("Hello")  #fist line
print('irte834t8ejviodjgiodfg0e8ruq34tuidfjgiodafjgodafbj')

 

print(5+3)
print(‘5+3’)
print(‘5+3=’,5+3,“and 6+4=”,6+4)
#whatever is given to print() shall be displayed on the screen
#syntax – rules (grammar)
#COMMENTS

#print(), type()
#comments
#data types: int, float, str,bool, complex
#variables - will accept alphabets, numbers and _
price = int(51.9876);
quantity = 23;
total_cost = price * quantity;
print(total_cost);
print("Given price is", price,"and quantity bought is",quantity,"so total cost will be",total_cost)

# f string
print(f"Given price is {price:.2f} and quantity bought is {quantity} so total cost will be {total_cost:.2f}")

player = "Sachin"
country = "India"
position = "Opener"
print(f"{player:<15} is a/an {position:>15} and plays for {country:^15} in international matches.")
player = "Mbwangebwe"
country = "Zimbabwe"
position = "Wicket-keeper"
print(f"{player:<15} is a/an {position:>15} and plays for {country:^15} in international matches.")

#Sachin is a/an Opener and plays for India in international matches.
#Mbwangebwe is a/an Wicket-keeper and plays for Zimbabwe in international matches.

#escape sequence \
print("abcdefghijklm\nopqrs\tuv\wx\y\z")
# \n - newline

# \n is used for newline in Python
print("\\n is used for newline in Python")

# \\n is actually give you \n in Python
print("\\\\n is actually give you \\n in Python")


# Data types - 5 main types
var1 = 5
print(type(var1)) # int - integer -9999 0 5

var1 = 5.0
print(type(var1)) #float - numbers with decimal

var1 = 5j
print(type(var1)) #complex - square root of minus 1

var1 = True #False #bool
print(type(var1))

var1 = "hello" #str - string
print(type(var1))

#input() - is used to read a value from the user
num1 = float(input("Enter a number: "))
print(f"{num1} is the number")
print("Datatype of num1 is ",type(num1))

var2 = "50"

#implicit and explicit conversion

# arithmetic Operations that can be performed on
# numeric (int, float, complex): i/p and o/p both are numbers
num1 = 23
num2 = 32 #assign 32 to num2
print(num1 + num2) #addition
print(num1 - num2) #
print(num1 * num2) #
print(num1 / num2) #
print(num1 // num2) #integer division: it will give you only the integer part
print(num1 ** num2) # Power
print(num1 % num2) # mod modulus - remainder

## comparison operator : input as numbers and output will be bool
## > < == (is it equal?) != , >= <=
num1 = 23
num2 = 32
num3 = 23
print(num2 > num3) # T
print(num3 > num1) # F
print(num2 >= num3) #T - is num2 greater than or equal to num3 ?
print(num3 >= num1) # T
print(num2 < num3) # F
print(num3 < num1) # F
print(num2 <= num3) # F
print(num3 <= num1) # T
print(num2 == num3) # F
print(num3 != num1) # F

# Logical operator: and or not
# prediction 1: Sachin or Saurav will open the batting - T
# prediction 2: Sachin and Saurav will open the batting - F
# actual: Sachin and Sehwag opened the batting

#Truth table - on boolean values
# AND Truth Table:
### T and T => T
### T and F => F
### F and T => F
### F and F => F

# OR Truth Table:
### T or T => T
### T or F => T
### F or T => T
### F or F => F

# NOT
## not True = False
## not False = True

## Assignment 1: Get lenght and breadth from the user and calculate
## area (l*b) and perimeter (2(l+b))

## Assignment 2: Get radius of a circle from the user and calculate
## area (pi r square) and curcumference (2 pi radius)
#Logical operator: works on bool and returns bool only
# and: all values have to be True to get the final result as True
# or: anyone value is True, you get the final result as True
# 5 * 99 * 7 * 151 * 45 * 0 = 0
# 0 + 0 + 0 + 0+1 = 1

print(True and True and False or True or True and True or False or False and True and True or False)
num1 = 5
num2 = 8
print(num1 !=num2 and num1>num2 or num1<=num2 and num2>=num1 or num1==num2 and num1<num2)

num3 = bin(18) #0b10010
print(num3)
print("hex(18) = ",hex(18)) #0x12
print("oct(18): ", oct(18)) #0o22

print("hex(0b1101111) = ",hex(0b1101111))
print("int(0b1101111) = ",int(0b1101111))

#BITWISE Operators
# left shift (<<) / right shift (>>) operators work on only binary numbers
print("56 << 3 = ",56 << 3) #output #111000000
print(bin(56))
print(int(0b111000000)) #448

print("56 >> 4 = ",56>>7) #

# & and in bitwise
print("23 & 12 = ",23 & 12) #4
print("23 | 12 = ",23 | 12) #31
print(bin(23)) #10111
print(bin(12)) #01100
#& 00100
print(int(0b100))
# | 11111
print(int(0b11111))

# | or in bitwise

num1 = 10
#positive
#negative

# area of a circle = pi * r**2 (3.14 = pi)
# circunference = 2 * pi * r

# Conditions
avg = 30
if avg >=40:
print("Pass") #indentation
print("Congratulations!")
else: #incase of IF getting False condition
print("You have failed")
print("try again")

#avg > 90 - Grade A
#avg 80 to 90 - Grade B
# avg 70 to 80 - Grade C
#avg 60 to 70 - Grade D
#avg 50 to 60 - Grade E
#avg 40 to 50 - Grade F
#avg <40 - Grade G

avg=30
if avg>=40:
print("Pass") # indentation
print("Congratulations!")

if avg>=90:
print("Grade A")
if avg >=95:
print("You win President Medal")

elif avg>=80:
print("Grade B")
elif avg >=70:
print("Grade C")
elif avg >=60:
print("Grade D")
elif avg >=50:
print("Grade E")
else:
print("Grade F")
else:
print("You have failed")
print("try again")
print("Grade G")


avg = 90
if avg <40:
print("Grade G")
elif avg <50:
print("Grade F")
elif avg <60:
print("Grade E")
elif avg <70:
print("Grade D")
elif avg <80:
print("Grade C")
elif avg <90:
print("Grade B")
else:
print("Grade A")

print("Thank you so much")

num = 5
if num > 0:
print("Number is positive")
if num % 2 == 1:
print("Its Odd")
else:
print("Its even")
if num % 3 == 0:
print("It is divisible by both 2 and 3. It is also divisible by 6")

else:
print("Its divisible by 2 but not 3")

elif num == 0:
print("Neither Positive not negative")
else:
print("Its Negative")

#loops - repeating multiple lines of code
#Python - 2 types of loops- one when you know how many times to repeat - FOR
#repeat until some condition true WHILE
# range(a,b,c) #generates range of values - start from a, go upto b(exlusive), c=increment
#range(2,6,2) = 2,4
#range(5,9) = (2 val indicate a&b - c is default 1) => 5,6,7,8
#range(5) = (its b, a is deafult 0 and c is default 1) = ?

for i in range(3,9,2):
print("HELLO",i)

for i in range(10):
print(i*2+2,end=", ")
print("\n")
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print("\n=================")
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

#for loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)
print()

for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*", end=" ")
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(5):
for i in range(5-j):
print("*", end=" ")
print()

num,sum = 5,0
while num <103:
sum+=num
print(num)
num+=5

print("Sum = ",sum)
i=0
while True:
i=i+1
print("Hello, i is ",i)
ch=input("Enter y to stop: ")
if ch=='y':
break
print("One more hello")
if i%5==0:
continue
print("Another hello but not to print when its multiple of five")
a,b,c = 10,12,8
if a>=b:
#either a is greater or equal
if a>=c:
print(f"{a} is greatest value")
else:
print(f"{c} is greatest value")
else:
#b is greater
if b>=c:
print(f"{b} is greatest value")
else:
print(f"{c} is greatest value")
#Assignmnt : Modify the above program to display 3 number is descending order

#loops - repeating
#FOR - how many times
#range(a,b,c) - generates value from a upto b and increasing by c
#range(5,19,4) - 5, 9,13,17
#range(4,19,5) - 6,11,17
#WHILE - repeating based on condition

############################
#Strings
str1 = 'Hello how are you'
str2 = "Im fine"
str3 = '''How are you today
are you fine
hope you feel better'''
str4 = """I am fine today
expecting to do well
I am feeling better now"""
print(str3)

print(str1 + " "+str2)
print(str2*10)
print("Lo" in str1)

#indexing: slicing dicing
print(str1[0])
print(str1[4])
print(str2[-1])
print(str1[6:9])
print("->",str1[-11:-8])
print("First 3 values: ",str1[:3])
print("last 3 values: ",str1[-3:])

#
print(str1.upper())
#string immutable - you cant edit the string
#str1[0]="K" TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
str1 = "K"+str1[1:]
print(str1)
str1 = "hello how are you?"
print("last 3 characters: ",str1[-3:])
for i in str1:
print(i)

print(str1.islower())
print(str1.isupper())
print(str1.isalpha()) #
str1 = "509058585855"
print(str1.isdigit())
print(str1.isspace())
str1 = "hello how are you?"
print(str1.title())
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.upper())

str2 = "I am fine how are you doing today"
target = "aeiou"
count=0
for i in str2:
if i.lower() in target:
count+=1
print("Total vowels: ",count)

result = str1.split()
print(result)
result2 = str1.split('ow')
print(result2)
result3 = "OW".join(result2)
print(result3)

print(str1.find('o',0,5))
print(str1.replace("hello","HELLO"))
print(str1)

#strings are immutable
var1 = 5 # integer
print(type(var1))
var1 = 5.0 # float
print(type(var1))
var1 = "5" # string
print(type(var1))
var1 = 5j # complex
print(type(var1))
var1 = True # bool
print(type(var1))

#Arithematic operations
num1 = 5
num2 = 3
print(num1 + num2)
print(num1 - num2)
print(num1 * num2)
print(num1 / num2)
print(num1 // num2) #integer division
print(num1 % num2) #modulo - remainder
print(num1 ** num2) # power

##Once I had been to the post-office to buy stamps of five rupees,
# two rupees and one rupee. I paid the clerk Rs. 20,
# and since he did not have change, he gave me three more
# stamps of one rupee. If the number of stamps of each type
# that I had ordered initially was more than one,
# what was the total number of stamps that I bought.
total = 30
stamp_5_count = 2 #>=
stamp_2_count = 2 #>=
stamp_1_count = 2+3 #>=
total_by_now = stamp_5_count * 5 + stamp_2_count * 2 + stamp_1_count * 1
print(total_by_now, "is total by now")
accounted_for = total - total_by_now

stamp_5_count = stamp_5_count + accounted_for //5
accounted_for = accounted_for %5

stamp_2_count = stamp_2_count + accounted_for //2
accounted_for = accounted_for %2

stamp_1_count = stamp_1_count + accounted_for

print("You will end up getting:")
print("Number of 5 Rs stamp = ",stamp_5_count)
print("Number of 2 Rs stamp = ",stamp_2_count)
print("Number of 1 Rs stamp = ",stamp_1_count)
total_value = stamp_5_count*5 + stamp_2_count* 2+ stamp_1_count*1
print("Net difference between amount and stamp value: ",total-total_value)

#Comparison operators: < > <= >= == !=
num1 = 7
num2 = 7
print("is num1 equal to num2? ", num1==num2) #== ??
print("is num1 not equal to num2?", num1!=num2)
print("is num1 greater than num2? ", num1>num2)
print("is num1 greater than or equal to num2?", num1>=num2)
print("is num1 less than num2? ", num1<num2)
print("is num1 less than or equal to num2?", num1<=num2)

#Logical operators: and (*) or (+) not
# pred: sachin and sehwag will open the batting
# actual: sachin and sourav opened the batting - wrong

# pred: sachin or sehwag will open the batting
# actual: sachin and sourav opened the batting - right

print(True and True) #True
print(True and False) #rest is all False
print(False and True)
print(False and False)

print(True or True) #True
print(True or False) #True
print(False or True) #True
print(False or False) #False

print(not True) #

num1 = 7
num2 = 7
print("=>",num1==num2 and num1!=num2 or num1>num2 or num1>=num2 and num1<num2 and num1<=num2)
# F
# conditional check
num1 = 100
#perform check - IF condition
if num1>0:
print("Its positive")
#We use conditions when we need to control the flow of the program
avg = 88

#avg: 90 to 100: A , 80-90: B, 70-80: C , 60-70: D
#50 to 60: E, 40 to 50: F, <40: Failed
# if ... elif.. else

if avg >=90:
print("Pass")
print("Grade A")
elif avg>=80:
print("Pass")
print("Grade : B")
elif avg>=70:
print("Pass")
print("Grade : C")
elif avg>=60:
print("Pass")
print("Grade : D")
elif avg>=50:
print("Pass")
print("Grade : E")
elif avg >=40:
print("Pass")
print("Grade : F")
else:
print("Grade : Failed")

## Assignment - use Nested condition: Take 3 numbers and put them
## in increasing order:
## 14, 13 13 => 13,13,14
# 19, 39,29 => 19,29,39
avg = 94
if avg>=40:
print("Pass")
if avg >= 90:
print("Grade A")
if avg>=95:
print("You win President's medal!")
elif avg >= 80:
print("Grade : B")
elif avg >= 70:
print("Grade : C")
elif avg >= 60:
print("Grade : D")
elif avg >= 50:
print("Grade : E")
else:
print("Grade : F")
else:
print("Grade : Failed")

num1= -0
if num1>0:
print("Number is positive")
elif num1<0:
print("Number is negative")
else:
print("0 - neither positive not negative")

# FOR Loop: when you know how many times to run the loop
# range(a,b,c) : start from a (including), go upto b (exclusive), increment by c
range(3,9,2) # 3,5,7 ... 8
print("For loop example 1:")
for i in range(3,9,2):
print(i)

print("For loop example 2:")
for i in range(3, 6): #range(a,b) => c=1 (default)
print(i)

print("For loop example 3:")
for i in range(3): # range(b) => a=0 (default) c=1 (default)
print(i)
# WHILE Loop: you dont know the count but you know when to stop
#LIST:  linear ordered mutable collection

l1 = [5,9,8.5,False,"Hello",[2,4,6,"Welcome"]]
print("Length: ",len(l1))
print(type(l1))
print(type(l1[1]))
print(l1[-3])
print(l1[-2][2])
print(l1[-1][-1][-1])

l2 = [10,20,30]
print(l1+l2)

print(l2 * 3)

files = ['abc.csv','xyz.csv','aaa.csv','bbb.csv','ccc.csv','ddd.csv']
for i in files:
print("I have completed",i)

#inbuilt methods for list
print("1. L2 = ",l2)
l2.append(40)
l2.append(60) #append will add members at the end
#insert()
l2.insert(3,50)
l2.insert(3,70)
print("2. L2 = ",l2)
l2.remove(50) #remove the given element
print("3. L2 = ",l2)
l2.pop(3)
#l2.clear()
print("4. L2 = ",l2)
l2 = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40]
print(l2.count(5))
l1 = [100,200,300]
l1.extend(l2) # l1 = l1 + l2
l1[0] = 999
print("L1 = ",l1)
l1.sort(reverse=True)
print("A. List1: ",l1)
l1.reverse()
print("B. List1: ",l1)

l2 = l1 #copy method 1 - deep copy: adds another name l2 to l1
l3 = l1.copy() #copy method 1
print("C1. List 1: ",l1)
print("C1. List 2: ",l2)
print("C1. List 3: ",l3)
l1.append(33)
l2.append(44)
l1.append(55)
print("C2. List 1: ",l1)
print("C2. List 2: ",l2)
print("C2. List 3: ",l3)
str1 = "hello"
str2 = str1.upper()
print(str2)
print(str1)
#l1

m1= int(input("marks 1:"))
m2= int(input("marks 1:"))
m3= int(input("marks 1:"))
m4= int(input("marks 1:"))
m5= int(input("marks 1:"))
total = m1+m2+m3+m4+m5
avg = total/5
print(m1,m2,m3,m4,m5)
print("Total marks = ",total," and Average = ",avg)

total = 0
for i in range(5):
m1 = int(input("marks:"))
total+=m1
avg = total/5
print("Total marks = ",total," and Average = ",avg)

marks=[]
total = 0
for i in range(5):
m1 = int(input("marks:"))
marks.append(m1)
total+=m1
avg = total/5
print(marks[0],marks[1],marks[2],marks[3],marks[4])
for i in marks:
print(i,end=" ")
print("\nTotal marks = ",total," and Average = ",avg)
########################
####
str1 = 'HELLO'
str2 = "I am fine"
str3 = '''Where are you going?
How long will you be here?
What are you going to do?'''
str4 = """I am here
I will be here for next 7 days
I am going to just relax and chill"""
print(type(str1),type(str2),type(str3),type(str4))
print(str1)
print(str2)
print(str3)
print(str4)

# What's you name?
str5 = "What's your name?"
print(str5)
#He asked,"Where are you?"
str6 = 'He asked,"Where are you?"'
print(str6)

#He asked,"What's your name?"
#escape sequence \
print('''He asked,"What's your name?"''')
print("He asked,\"What's your name?\"")

print('nnnnn\nnn\tnn')

print("\FOlder\\newfolder")
# \n is used to print newline in python
print("\\n is used to print newline in python")

# \\n will not print newline in python
print("\\\\n will not print newline in python")

str1 = "Hello You"
str2 = "There"
print(str1 + str2)
print(str1 *5)
for i in str1:
print("Hello")

#indexing
print(str1[2])
print("last element: ",str1[4])
print("last element: ",str1[-1])
print("second element: ",str1[-8])
print("ell: ",str1[1:4])
print("ell: ",str1[-8:-5])
print("First 3: ",str1[:3])
print("First 3: ",str1[:-6])
print("Last 3: ",str1[6:])
print("Last 3: ",str1[-3:])

#Methods - exactly same as your functions - only difference is they are linked to a class
import time
str1 = "HELLO"
print(str1.replace("L","X",1))

sub_str = "LL"
str2 = "HELLO HOW WELL ARE YOU LL"
cnt = str2.find(sub_str)
print("Count = ",cnt)

if cnt<0:
print("Sorry, no matching value hence removing")
else:
print("Value found, now replacing")
for i in range(5):
print(". ",end="")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
print(str2.replace(sub_str,"OOOO"))


out_res = str2.split("LL")
print("Output Result = ",out_res)

out_str = "LL".join(out_res)
print(out_str)

print(str2.title())
print(str2.lower())
print(str2.upper())

str3 = 'hello how well are you ll'
print(str3.islower())
print(str3.isupper())

num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
num1 = int(num1)
else:
print("Invaid input")

ename = input("Enter your first name: ")
if ename.isalpha():
print("Your name is being saved...")
else:
print("Invaid name")

#WAP to count of vowels in a sentence
para1 = "Work, family, and endless to-do lists can make it tough to find the time to catch up. But you'll never regret taking a break to chat with your friend, Frost reminds us. Everything else will still be there later."
sum=0
for l in para1:
if l=='a' or l=='A' or l=='e' or l=='E' or l=='i' or l=='I' or l=='o' or l=='O' or l=='u' or l=='3':
sum+=1
print("Total vowesl = ",sum)
sum=0
for l in para1.lower():
if l=='a' or l=='e' or l=='i' or l=='o' or l=='u':
sum+=1
print("Total vowesl = ",sum)

sum=0
for l in para1.lower():
if l in 'aeiou':
sum+=1
print("Total vowesl = ",sum)

########## LIST
#LIST
#collection of linear ordered items
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(type(list1))
print("Size = ",len(list1))

print(list1[0])
print(list1[-1])
print(list1[3])
print(list1[:3])
print(list1[-3:])
print(list1[1:4])

for i in list1:
print(i)

print([2,3,4]+[6,4,9])
print([2,3,4]*3)

str2 = "A B C D A B C A B A "
print(str2.count("D"))
print(list1.count(3))

l1 = [2,4,6,8]
print(l1.append(12))
print(l1)
l1[0]=10
print(l1)

l1.insert(2,15)
print(l1)

# Queue: FIFO
# Stack: LIFO

if 16 in l1:
l1.remove(16) #takes in value to remove
l1.remove(15)
print(l1)
l1.pop(1) #index
print(l1)

#################
while False:
print("Queue is: ",l1)
print("1. Add\n2. Remove\n3. Exit")
ch=input("Enter your choice: ")
if ch=="1":
val = input("Enter the value: ")
l1.append(val)
elif ch=="2":
l1.pop(0)
elif ch=="3":
break
else:
print("Try again!")

while False:
print("Stack is: ",l1)
print("1. Add\n2. Remove\n3. Exit")
ch=input("Enter your choice: ")
if ch=="1":
val = input("Enter the value: ")
l1.append(val)
elif ch=="2":
l1.pop(-1)
elif ch=="3":
break
else:
print("Try again!")

l2 = l1 #they become same
l3 = l1.copy()
print("1. List1 = ",l1)
print("1. List2 = ",l2)
print("1. List3 = ",l3)

l1.append(33)
l2.append(44)
l3.append(55)

print("2. List1 = ",l1)
print("2. List2 = ",l2)
print("2. List3 = ",l3)

l1.extend(l3)
print(l1)
print(l1.count(6))

sum=0
marks=[]
for i in range(3):
m = int(input("Enter marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
marks.append(m)
sum+=m
print("Sum is ",sum, "and average is ",sum/3)
print("Marks obtained is ",marks)

#THREE STUDENTS AND THREE SUBJECTS:
allmarks=[]
for j in range(3):
sum=0
marks=[]
for i in range(3):
m = int(input("Enter marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
marks.append(m)
sum+=m
print("Sum is ",sum, "and average is ",sum/3)
print("Marks obtained is ",marks)

allmarks.append(marks)

print("All the marks are: ",allmarks)

# All the marks are: [[88, 66, 77], [99, 44, 66], [44, 99, 88]]
# find the highest marks of each subject

#Tuple - linear order immutable collection
#strings are also immutable

tuple1 = (1,3,1,4,1,5,1,6)
print(type(tuple1))
print(len(tuple1))
print(tuple1.count(1))
print(tuple1.index(4))
print(tuple1[2])
for i in tuple1:
print(i)
t1 = list(tuple1)
t1.append(55)
t1=tuple(t1)
t2 = (2,4,6,8) #packing
#unpacking
a,b,c,d,e = t2
print(a,b,c,d)
#packing
# Dictionary
dict1 = {1: "Sachin Tendulkar","Runs": 50000, 'City':'Mumbai','Teams':['Mumbai','Mumbai Indians','India']}
print(dict1['Teams'])
dict2 = {'100s':[50,20,1]}
dict1.update(dict2)
print(dict1)
print(dict1.values())
print(dict1.keys())
print(dict1.items())

#Dictionary are mutable
dict1.pop('City')
print(dict1)
dict1.popitem()
print(dict1)

dict3 = dict1.copy() #shallow copy
dict4 = dict1 #deep copy

all_details={}
while True:
roll = input("Enter Roll Number of the Student: ")
marks=[]
for i in range(3):
m = int(input("Enter the marks: "))
marks.append(m)
temp={roll:marks}
all_details.update(temp)
ch=bool(input("Enter null to continue: "))
if ch:
break

print("All details: ",all_details)
for i, j in all_details.items():
sum=0
for a in j:
sum+=a
print(f"Total marks obtained by {i} is {sum} and average is {sum/3:.1f}")


### SET
'''
A B C D E
D E F G H
How many total (union): 8
How many common(intersection): 2
Remove set2 values from set1: (set1 - set2): 3

'''
set1 = {2,4,6,8,10,12}  #neither have duplicate values nor there is any order
print(type(set1))
set2 = {3,6,9,12}
print(set1 | set2)
print(set1.union(set2))
#print(set1.update(set2)) #meaning union_update
#print(set1)
print(set1 & set2)
print(set1.intersection(set2))
#print(set1.intersection_update(set2))
#print(set1)
print(set1 - set2)
print(set1.difference(set2))
#print(set1.difference_update(set2))
#print(set1)
print(set1^set2)
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))
#print(set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2))
#print(set1)

#####
## Functions

#defining a function
def sometxt():
print("Hello")
print("how are you?")
print("I am fine thank you!")
return "Great"

print(sometxt())
a= sometxt()
print(a)

#functions that return values v doesnt return values
# function taking input arguments /  pass - parameters
def function1(x,y,z): #required positional arguments
print("Value of X: ",x)
print("Value of Y: ", y)
print("Value of Z: ", z)

def function2(x,y=15,z=30): #default positional arguments
print("Value of X: ",x)
print("Value of Y: ", y)
print("Value of Z: ", z)

def function3(x,*y,**z):
print("Value of X: ", x)
print("Value of Y: ", y)
print("Value of Z: ", z)

function3(20, 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20, fruit="Apple",calorie=150)
a=5
b=6
c=9
function1(a,b,c) #parameters
function2(12)

function2(z=30,x=12) #keywords (non-positional)

VIDEO- Function Types Intro

#Functions

def func1(num1,num2):
print("Number 1 = ", num1)
print("Number 2 = ", num2)
add = num1 + num2
print("Addition = ",add)
return add



def func2(num1,num2=100):
print("Number 1 = ", num1)
print("Number 2 = ", num2)
add = num1 + num2
print("Addition = ",add)
return add


#variable length arguments

def alldata(num1, num2, *var1, **var2):
print("Number 1 = ",num1)
print("Number 2 = ", num2)
print("Variable 1 = ", var1)
print("Variable 2 = ", var2)

if __name__ =="__main__":
result = func1(5, 10) # required positional arguments
result = func2(5) # num1 is required / num2 is default & positional arguments
print("Result of addition is", result)

result = func2(num2=5, num1=25) # keyword arguments (non-positional)
print("Result of addition is", result)

alldata(5, 83, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, name="Sachin", city="Pune")

# class - definition
# class str - defining some properties to it like split(), lower()
# object is the usable form of class
str1 = "hello"

#creating a class called Library
#in that I added a function called printinfo()
# self: indicates function works at object level
class Library:
#class level variable
myClassName = "Library"

#__init__ - it has predefined meaning (constructor), called automatically
#when you create an object
def __init__(self):
name = input("Init: What's your name?")
self.name = name # self.name is object level

# object level method
def askinfo(self):
name = input("What's your name?")
#self.name = name #self.name is object level

#object level method
def printinfo(self):
myClassName="Temp class"
print(f"{Library.myClassName}, How are you Mr. {self.name}?")

#create object
l1 = Library()
l2 = Library()
l3 = Library()
#l1.askinfo()
#l2.askinfo()
#l3.askinfo()

l2.printinfo()
l3.printinfo()
l1.printinfo()
Learn with Ray

DAY 1:

 

print("Hello")
print('how are you today?')
print(5+4)
print('5+4')
print('5+4=',5+4,'and 6+4=',6+4)
var_1 = 5 #datatype is implicit
print(var_1+10)
#variable naming rule: It shouldnt start with a number, only _ is a allowerd special character
var_1 = 15
print(var_1+10)
#comments are for human
#print() - functions are written to perform certain task

#interpreter (Python R) or compiler (C C++ Java...)

# 5 basic datatypes:
## int - integer - numeric values without decimal part: -999, -99, 0,1,2,99
## float - float - numeric values with decimal part: -5.5, 5.0, 0.0
## complex - complex - numeric values that represent square root of minus 1 (i)
## str - string - text data
## bool - boolean - just two values: True / False

var_1 = 5j
print(var_1 * var_1) #25*-1= -25
print(type(var_1))

#operators & operation
#Arithmetic operators: + - * / // (integer division) ** % (modulus - mod)
num1 = 7
num2 = 3
print(num1/num2)
print(50 // 6)
print(num1 ** num2)
print(50 % 6)

#Comparison operators: == > >= < <= != Will always result in bool values
num1 = 10
num2 = 10
num3 = 15
print(num1 == num2) #is num1 equal to num2 ? True
print(num1 != num3) #is num1 not equal to num2? True
print(num1 > num2) # False
print(num1 >= num2) #True
print(num1 < num2) # False
print(num1 <= num2) #True

#Logical operators = and / or = they work only on boolean value and given bool as result
#prediction1: Argentina and France will play in the Soccar world cup final - True
#prediction2: Argentina or Brazil will play in the Soccar world cup final- True
#actual: Argentina and France actually played in the finals

#and truth table:
# True and True = True
# False and False = False and True = True and False = False

#or truth table:
# False or False = False
# True or True= False or True = True or False = True

a,b,c=5, 10,10
print(a > b and b<c and c==a or c==b or a>c and c<a and b==b and c<a or c==b)

#Conditions
# I want to check if a number is positive or not
num1 = 0
if num1 >0:
print("Number is positive")
print("Line 2 for positive")
elif num1<0:
print("Number is negative")
print("Line 2 for negative")
else:
print("Number is neither positive nor negative")
print("Thank you")


#conditions
#if - elif - else
###
# When +ve: case 1 = 3 , case 2 =3
# When -ve: case 1 = 3 , case 2 =2
# When 0: case 1 = 3 , case 2 = 1
##
num = -50

#case 1
if num==0:
print("Its Zero")
if num <0:
print("Its negative")
if num >0:
print("Its positive")

#case 2
if num==0:
print("Its Zero")
elif num <0:
print("Its negative")
else:
print("Its positive")
#converting one datatype to another - str(), int(),float(),complex(),bool()
marks_in_subject1 = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 1:"))

print(type(marks_in_subject1))
marks_in_subject2 = 8.0
marks_in_subject3 = 88
marks_in_subject4 = 8
marks_in_subject5 = 8
total = marks_in_subject1 + marks_in_subject2 + marks_in_subject3+marks_in_subject4+marks_in_subject5
avg = total/5
print("Average = ",avg)
#avg > 85 - A
# avg>70 - B
# avg > 60 - C
#avg >50 - D
#avg >40 - E
#avg < 40 - F
#avg >=90 - special award
if avg >=85:
print("You got grade A")
if avg>=90:
print("You win Special award")
if avg>=95:
print("You get a Scholarship")
elif avg >=70:
print("You got grade B")
elif avg>=60:
print("You got grade C")
elif avg>=50:
print("You got grade D")
elif avg>=40:
print("You got grade E")
else:
print("You got grade F")


print("Thank You")

#nested

#LOOPS - Repeat
print("Hello")
# Loops - For loop and While loop
#For loop is used when you know how many times you need to repeat
#While loop is used when you dont know exactly how many times but you know the condition
#when to stop

#print hello 5 times
# range(a,b,c) : a=start (inclusive), b = end (exclusive), c=increment
# range(2,8,3) : 2,5
# range(a,b) : a=start, b=end, default increment = 1
# range(2,5) : 2,3,4
# range(b): default start = 0, end=b, default increment of 1
# range(5): 0,1,2,3,4
print("For loop 1:")
for var in range(5):
#print("Value of var is ",var)
print("Hello")

print("Using while: ")

counter = 1
while counter <=5:
counter = counter + 1
print("Hello")
print("Thank You")

DAY 3:

 

#Day 3: Loops
#For loop - along with range() , how many times the loop has to run

for i in range(1,101):
print(i,end="\t")
print()
print("Hello")
#by default print will give us a newline

n,m=5,6
for j in range(m):
for i in range(n):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''

n=5
for j in range(n):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''

n=5
for j in range(n):
for i in range(n-j):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
print("-----")
for j in range(n):
for k in range(n-j-1):
print(" ",end="")
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
# check if a number is prime or not
number = 51
# 51 - 1, 51
isPrime = True
for i in range(2,number//2):
if number%i==0:
isPrime=False
break
#break will throw you out of current loop

if isPrime:
print("Number is prime")
else:
print("Number is not Prime")


total = 0
for i in range(1,101):
total=total+i
print("\n total is ",total)

#1: total= 0 + 1 = 1
#2: total = 1 + 2 = 3
#3: total = 3 + 3 = 6

#While
while True:
print("Hello")
if True:
break

import random
random.seed(10)
num = random.random() #generates random number between 0 and 1
print("num = ",num)
num1 = random.randint(1,10) # integer values - between 1 and 10 (both inclusive)
print("num1 = ",num1)
attempts = 0
actual = 45 #random.randint(1,100)
while True:
guess = int(input("Enter your guess number:"))
attempts=attempts+1
if actual == guess:
print(f"Congratulations! You have guessed it correctly in {attempts} attempts")
break
elif actual < guess:
print("You missed it! Your Guess is higher")
else: #actual >guess
print("You missed it! Your Guess is lower")
#Strings
var1 = 'hello'
print(type(var1))
var2 = "good morning"
print(type(var2))
var3 = '''Hi there
where are you going
I am here till you come'''
print(type(var3))
var4 ="""Hows going
I was waiting to talk to you
see you soon"""
print(type(var4))
print(var3)
print(var4)

# What's your name?
var5 = "What's your name?"
print(var5)

# He asked,"How are you"?
print('He asked,"How are you"?')

# He asked,"What's your name"?
print('''He asked,"What's your name"?''')
print("He asked,\"What\'s your name\"?")
var1 = 'hello'
print('H' in var1)
for i in var1:
print(i)
# 'y' 'a' "yes" "no" "name"

# ' or " can only take one line of text
#''' or """ can take multi line text

# [] square brackets are used for indexing
print("=====> 1. ",var1[4])
print("=====> 1. ",var1[-1])
print("=====> 2. ",var1[0:4])
print("=====> 3. ",var1[:4])
print("=====> 3. ",var1[-5:-1])
print("=====> 3. ",var1[:-1])
print("=====> 4. ",var1[-3:])

#len()
print("Length = ",len(var1))

for i in range(len(var1)):
print(var1[i])

var1 = "hello"
var2 = "Good Morning"
print(var1,var2)
print(var1 + " and "+(var2+ " ")*3)
#Strings
str1 = "hellothere" #str1 is an object of class str
str2 = "49534095834"
print("str2.isdigit(): ",str2.isdigit())
print("str1.isdigit(): ",str1.isdigit())
print("str1.isalpha()",str1.isalpha())
print(" ".isspace())
str1.isalnum()
str1 = "hello there 123"
print("str1.islower(): ",str1.islower())
str1.isupper()
str1.istitle()

ch=input("Enter Y to continue: ")

#username - username can have only alphabet and/or number

#first name - ABC XYZ

#methods (function in a class) v functions -independent

num1 = input("Enter a number: ")
if num1.isdigit():
num1=int(num1)
else:
print("You have not entered a valid number hence setting num1 to zero")
num1 = 0
print("num1 = ",num1)

# Exception Handling - to handle runtime errors - preferred

str1 = "HELLO"
#strings are immutable
print(str1[0])
#str1[0] = "K" #TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
#str1 = "KELLO"
str1 = "K"+str1[1:]
print(str1)

str2="How are YOU? your Where are you? you are welcome"
str3 = str2.lower().replace("you","they",2) #old,new,count
print("After Replace: ",str3)
print("you" in str2)
print(str2.lower().find("you",9)) #find: substring, start, end

var1 = str2.split("o")
print(var1)
str5 = "o".join(var1)
print(str5)

#abc => abcing
#abing = abingly
inp_txt = input("Enter the word: ")
output=""
if inp_txt[-3:].lower()=="ing":
output= inp_txt+"ly"
else:
output = inp_txt+"ing"
print("Output text is",output)


str1 = "How are you doing today and whats plan for tomorrow"
l_str = ""
curr_str = ""
inx = 0
for c in str1:
inx+=1
if inx==len(str1):
curr_str = curr_str + c
if c.isspace() or inx==len(str1):
if len(curr_str) > len(l_str):
l_str=curr_str
curr_str=""
else:
curr_str=curr_str+c

print("Largest text is",l_str)
Python Zero to Hero
### DAY 1
print("Welcome")

val1 = 5
#val1 is a variable in this case
print("val1")
print("Value of variable val1 =",val1)

#type() - it gives the datatype of variable
print(type(val1)) # <class 'int'> integer: nondecimal value- -5, -99,0,9999999

val1 = 5.8
print("Value of variable val1 =",val1)
print(type(val1)) # <class 'float'> float: number with decimal value- -5.0, -99.1,0.0,9999999.5

val1 = 5j #it is same as i of Maths, square root of -1
print("Value of variable val1 =",val1)
print(type(val1)) # <class 'complex'>
print(val1 * val1)

val1 = "Good evening"
print("Value of variable val1 =",val1)
print(type(val1)) #<class 'str'> string - all kinds of text
val1 = "55"
val2 = 55
val3 = 44;val4 = "44";print(val1 + val4);
print(val2 + val3)

val1 = True #/ False
print("Value of variable val1 =",val1)
print(type(val1)) #<class 'bool'> - boolean just 2 values: True and False

# input() - used to read value from the user

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(name)

## DAY 2: 11 DEC 2022
name = input("Enter your name: ") #automatically its gets converted into str - implicit conversion
marks1 = input("Enter marks in Subject 1: ")
marks1 = int(marks1) #explicit conversion
marks2 = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 2: "))
marks3 = int(input("Enter marks in Subject 3: "))
print(type(name))
print(type(marks1))

sum = marks1 + marks2 + marks3
avg = sum / 3
print(name, "scored a total of",sum,"marks at an average of",avg)

# f string - format string
print(f"{name} scored a total of {sum} marks at an average of {avg:.2f}%")

# <class 'str'> str()
# <class 'int'> int()
# <class 'float'> float()
# <class 'complex'> complex()
# <class 'bool'> bool()

length = int(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = int(input("Enter the breadth of the rectangle: "))
area = length * breadth
perimeter = 2* (length + breadth)
print(f"The rectangle with dimensions {length} and {breadth} has an area of {area} and perimeter of {perimeter}")

#Operators
#math operations - Arithmetic operations
val1 = 10
val2 = 3
print(val1 + val2)
print(val1 - val2)
print(val1 * val2)
print(val1 / val2)
print(val1 ** val2) #power of val2
print(val1 // val2) #integer division -will result in integer only
print(val1 % val2) #modulo - remainder
print(16 ** 0.5)

#Comparison operators: == != < <= > >=
# input can be anything but output will always be BOOL value
a=10
b=3
c=10
print(a==b) #False
print(a!=b) #True
print(a==c) #True
print(a!=c) #False

print(a>b) #True
print(a>=c) #True
print(a<=c) #True
print(a<c) #False

#logical operators : AND OR NOT
#input has to be bool and output is also bool
#prediction; Sachin and Sehwag will open the batting for India
#actual: Sachin and Dravid opened the batting for India
# result - prediction is wrong

#prediction; Sachin or Sehwag will open the batting for India
#actual: Sachin and Dravid opened the batting for India
# result - prediction is Correct
print("Logical Operator:")
print(5>3 and 2 <6 or 8==9 and 7!=9 or 5!=7 and 10==10 or 4<5)

#T and T or F and T or T and T or T

#DAY 2: 12 DEC 2022
#########################
## Quadratic equation is of form: ax^2 + bx + c

# Discriminant: D = b^2-4ac
# (-b +/- sq root(D)) / 2a

# 3 x2 +x+5 = 0
a=3
b=1
c=5
D = b**2 - 4 * a * c
sol1 = (-b - D**0.5)/(2*a)
sol2 = (-b + D**0.5)/(2*a)

if D<0:
print("Discriminat: ",D)
print("Discriminant is -ve hence we have imaginary values for the x")
print(f"The value of x for the given quadratic equation is {sol1} and {sol2}")

#Prob 2: 2x2 -12x - 54 = 0
#sol1 = -3, 18 +36 - 54 = 0
#sol2 = 9: 162 -108 -54 = 0
a = 2
b = -12
c = -54
D = b**2 - 4 * a * c
sol1 = (-b - D**0.5)/(2*a)
sol2 = (-b + D**0.5)/(2*a)
if D<0:
print("Discriminant is -ve hence we have imaginary values for the x")
elif D>0:
print("Dicriminant is real and has 2 unique solutions")
print("Discriminat: ", D)
print(f"The value of x for the given quadratic equation is {sol1} and {sol2}")
else:
print("Dicriminant is real")
print("Dicriminant is real and has only one unique solution")
print(f"The value of x for the given quadratic equation is {sol1}")

number =-6
if number<0:
print("Its a negative number")
elif number>0:
print("Its positive number")
if number %2==0:
print("Its an even number")
if number%3==0:
print("The number is divisble by both 2 and 3")
else:
print("The number is divisble by 2 but not by 3")
else:
print("Its an odd number")
if number%3==0:
print("The number is divisble by only 3")
else:
print("The number is neither divisble by 2 nor by 3")
else:
print("Its zero")

marks1 =98
marks2 = 88
marks3 = 99
sum= marks1 + marks2 + marks3
avg = sum/3
print("Average marks obstained is :",avg)
if avg >=80:
print("Grade A")
if avg >=90:
print("You win President award")
elif avg >=70:
print("Grade B")
elif avg >=60:
print("Grade C")
elif avg >=50:
print("Grade D")
elif avg >=40:
print("Grade E")
else:
print("Grade F")

### DAY 4:
###################
#LOOPS - While loop - until condition is true
choice = "y"
while choice=="y" or choice=="Y":
print("Hello")
choice = input("Please type y to continue or anyother key to stop: ")



# For loop -
#range(a,b,c) : a=start value (inclusive), b=ending value(exclusive), c=increment value
# range() generates a range of values
# range(3,8,2) = 3,5,7
# range(3,9,2) = 3,5,7
# range(a,b) => c is default 1 (increment is 1)
# range(3,7) => 3, 4,5,6
# range(b) => default a = 0 , default c = 1
# range(4) => 0,1,2,3

for i in range(4):
print("Hello: ",i)

for i in range(3,8,2):
print("Hello: ",i)

print("hello",end=" ")
print("how",end=" ")
print("are",end=" ")
print("you")

for i in range(5):
print("*")

for i in range(5):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
start = 1
end = 10
for i in range(start,end+1):
if i ==end:
print(i)
else:
print(i,end=", ")

for j in range(5):
for i in range(5):
print("*", end=" ")
print()

for j in range(5):
for i in range(j + 1):
print("*", end=" ")
print()

for j in range(5):
for i in range(5 - j):
print("*", end=" ")
print()

k = 1
for j in range(5):
for i in range(k):
print("*", end=" ")
print()
k += 1 # k = k+1

### Assignment
'''
*
* *
* * * *
* *


'''

### DAY 5: 14 DEC 2022
### ###############
#While
# if marks <0 and >100 it should ignore it


while True:
name = input("Enter the name of the student: ")
sum = 0
sub_count = 0
while sub_count <=2:
marks = int(input("Enter marks in subject "+str(sub_count+1)+": ",))
if marks >100 or marks <0:
print("Invalid marks try again!")
continue
sub_count+=1
sum+=marks
avg = sum/3
print(f"The total marks obtained is {sum} and the average is {avg:.2f}")
choice = input("Please enter y to continue or anyother key to stop: ")
if choice !="y" and choice!="Y": #y
break #it throws you out of the current loop

#continue is a command that will take you to the beginning of the loop
#WAP to guess the number between 1 and 100
num = 50
count = 0
max_try = 10
while True:
guess=int(input("Guess the number: "))

if guess<0 or guess>100:
print("Invalid option try again!")
continue
count+=1
if guess == num:
print(f"Congratulations, you have guessed it right in {count} steps!")
break
elif guess < num:
print("The actual number is higher!")
else:
print("The actual number is lower!")
if count >=max_try:
print("You have reached the maximum tries. Please stop")
break

#WAP to guess the number between 1 and 100
import random
num = random.randint(1,100)
count = 0
max_try = 10
while True:
guess=int(input("Guess the number: "))

if guess<0 or guess>100:
print("Invalid option try again!")
continue
count+=1
if guess == num:
print(f"Congratulations, you have guessed it right in {count} steps!")
break
elif guess < num:
print("The actual number is higher!")
else:
print("The actual number is lower!")
if count >=max_try:
print("You have reached the maximum tries. Please stop")
break

####
number = 50
steps=0
print("Number Guessing Game! Guess the Number Between 1 and 100.")
while True:
check = int(input("Enter the value to check: "))
if check<1 or check>100:
print("Invalid Value. Please Try Again!")
continue
steps+=1
if check==number:
print(f"Value Matched! You got it right in {steps} steps.")
break
elif check <number:
print("Value is smaller. Please Try Again!")
else:
print("Value is greater. Please Try Again!")

list_of_value = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35] #LIST
print(type(list_of_value))
print(list_of_value)
print(list_of_value[2])

l1 = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35]
print(l1*3)

#append
list_of_value.append(45)
list_of_value.insert(2,12)
print(list_of_value)
#insert

# Battleship Challenge
import random
battle_pattern = []

total_rows = 5
total_cols = 5
for i in range(total_rows):
battle_pattern.append(['0 ']*5)

# created a function named display_battle() - user defined function
def display_battle(pattern):
for p in pattern:
print(" ".join(p))

display_battle(battle_pattern)
missle_row = random.randint(0,total_rows-1)
missle_col = random.randint(0,total_cols-1)
print(f"HINT: Missile is at Row: {missle_row} column {missle_col}")

#Try to attack
for y in range(4):
pred_row = int(input("Input the x corrodinate: "))
pred_col = int(input("Input the y corrodinate: "))

if pred_row == missle_row and pred_col ==missle_col:
print("Congratulations ! Missle destroyed")
break
elif pred_row >4 or pred_col > 4:
print("What are you doing? Where are you shooting?")
elif battle_pattern[pred_row][pred_col] =="X ":
print("You have already got that wrong! A chance wasted!")
else:
print("Missle not found at the location")
battle_pattern[pred_row][pred_col] = "X "
display_battle(battle_pattern)


#While loop

while True:
sum = 0
for i in range(3):
marks1 = int(input("Enter the marks: "))
sum+=marks1
avg = sum/3
print("Average of marks is:",avg)
ch = input("Press Y to continue or any other key to stop: ")
if ch!='y':
break #it breaks the loop - throw you out of the loop

# we find sum of all positive numbers that are entered, enter -999 to stop accepting

sum=0
while True:
value = int(input("Enter the value:"))
if value==-999:
print("Sum of all the positive numbers that you have entered = ",sum)
break
if value<=0:
print("Negative value hence ignoring!")
continue #you will be pushed to the beginning of the loop
sum+=value

#Strings
val1 = "Hello" # str with "
print(type(val1))
val1 = 'Welcome'
print(type(val1))
val1 = '''How are you?
where are you?
How long will you be there?'''
print(type(val1))
print(val1)
val1 = """I am fine
I am in your city
I will be here for next 7 days"""
print(type(val1))
print(val1)

# What's your name?
val2 = "What's your name?"
print(val2)
# He asked,"Where are you going?"
val2='He asked,"Where are you going?"'
print(val2)
# He asked,"What's your name?"

print('''He asked,"What's your name?"''')
print("He asked,\"What's your name?\"")

val1 = "Good"
val2 = "Evening"
print(val1+val2)
print(val1*3)
sum=0
for i in val2:
if i=='a' or i=="e" or i=='i' or i=="o" or i=="u":
sum+=1
print(f"Given text has {sum} vowels")

sum=0
for i in val2.lower(): #lower() converts into lowercase
if i=='a' or i=="e" or i=='i' or i=="o" or i=="u":
sum+=1
print(f"Given text has {sum} vowels")

#in - membership test - left side value is present in the right side or not
sum=0
for i in val2.lower(): #lower() converts into lowercase
if i in "aeiou": #True only if i value is present in right side text
sum+=1
print(f"Given text has {sum} vowels")

text1 = "Hello all"
#len() - counts the number of characters
print("Total characters in text1 is",len(text1))

#indexing - extracting portion of the data - subset
# [] is used for indexing
print(text1[0]) #first member of text1
print(text1[2]) #third member of text1
print(text1[len(text1)-1]) #last member
print(text1[len(text1)-3]) #third last member

print(text1[-1]) #last member
print(text1[-3]) #third last member

###### 17 DECEMBER 2022 ##########
str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "Good"
str3 = '''How are you?
Where are you?'''
str4 = """I am fine"""
str5 = "What's your name?"
print(str5)
str6 = 'He asked,"How are you?"'
print(str6)

#He asked,"What's your name?"
print('''He asked,"What's your name?"''')
print('He asked,"What\'s your name?"')

text1 = "Good Evening"
print(text1[0])
print(text1[-1])
print(text1[1:4]) #from second character to 5th (upto)
tot_chars = len(text1)
print(text1[tot_chars-3:tot_chars]) # 9 to 12
print(text1[tot_chars-3:])
print(text1[:])
print(text1[-11:-8])
print(text1[-3:])

print("Good"+"Morning"*3)
for i in text1:
print(i,end="")
print()
txt1 = "how are you?"
print(txt1.lower())
print(txt1.upper())

print(txt1.islower())

txt3="GoOD mOrNIng"
txt4 = ""
#lowercase to upper and uppercase to lowe
for i in txt3:
if i.islower():
txt4=txt4+i.upper()
else:
txt4 = txt4 + i.lower()
print(txt4)
#want to count the number of spaces a text has
txt3="Go OD mOrN I n g "
count=0
for i in txt3:
if i.isspace():
count+=1

print("Total spaces: ",count)
cnt = txt3.count("O")
print("Total spaces = ",cnt)

cnt = txt3.lower().count("o")
print("Total spaces = ",cnt)
txt4 = "How are you doing and where are you going"
print(txt4.split())
txt6 = " - ".join(['How', 'are', 'you', 'doing', 'and', 'where', 'are', 'you', 'going'])

print(txt6)

marks = input("Enter marks: ")
if marks.isdigit():
marks = int(marks)
else:
print("Invalid marks")

# username can have only alphabet or number
marks = input("Enter username: ")
if marks.isalnum():
print("Username accepted")
else:
print("Invalid username")

######### 28 DEC 2022 - LIST
#List
l1 = [50,30,40.5,"Hello",[4,6,8]]
print(type(l1))
print(len(l1))
print(l1[0])
print(type(l1[0]))
l2 = l1[-1]
print(type(l2))
print(l1[-1][1])
print([10,20,30]+[4,5,6])
print([10,20,30] * 3)

a=5
#print(a[0])
val = [10,20,30]
for i in val:
print(i)

#methods of list
val = [10,20,30]
val.append(40)
val[0] = 100
print(val)

str1="hello"
#str1[0]= "H"
str1 = str1.upper()
print(str1)

# strings are immutable whereas Lists are mutable (editable)
val.insert(1,200)
print(val)
val.pop(2) #takes index
print(val)
val.remove(200)
print(val)
val1 = [6,12,18,24]
val2 = val+val1
print(val2)
val.extend(val1) # val = val + val1
print(val)

for i in range(3):
val.pop(1)
print(val)
val = [100, 30, 40, 6, 12, 18, 24]
print(val)
#remove position 2,4,6 = [2,3,5] [6,4,2]
for i in [6,4,2]:
val.pop(i)
print(val)
val = [100, 30, 40, 6, 12, 18, 24]
print(val)
#remove values 100, 40, 12
for i in [100, 40, 12]:
val.remove(i)
print(val)
val = [100, 30, 40, 6, 12, 18, 24]
val.sort()
val.reverse()
print(val)

## get marks of 5 subjects and do the sum and avg
master_list = []
while True:
sum = 0
marks_list = []
for i in range(5):
marks = int(input("Enter the marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
sum+=marks
marks_list.append(marks)
avg = sum/5
print(f"Marks entered are: {marks_list} \nThe total marks obtained is {sum} and average is {avg}")
ch = bool(input("Enter any key to continue or blank to stop: "))
master_list.append(marks_list)
if not ch:
break


print("Master List: ",master_list)


'''
[[99, 88, 77, 66, 55],
[75, 86, 97, 58, 69],
[59, 74, 68, 78, 76]]

list[0][0]
'''
master_list = [[99, 88, 77, 66, 55], [75, 86, 97, 58, 69], [59, 74, 68, 78, 76]]
students = ["Kapil","Sunil","Dhoni"]
subjects = ["English","Hindi","Maths","Science","Social"]

'''
Kapil Sunil Dhoni
English
Hindi
Maths
Science
Social
'''

print(end="\t\t")
for i in range(len(students)):
print(students[i],end="\t\t")
print()

#col_ind = 0
for col_ind in range(5):
print(subjects[col_ind],end="\t")
for row_ind in range(3):
print(master_list[row_ind][col_ind],end="\t\t\t")
print()


################
'''
Input:
Year: 2022
Month: 12
Date: 19
Output:
19th December 2022
'''
Months = ['January','February','March','April','May','June','July','August','September',
'October','November','December']
ending = ['st','nd','rd'] + 17*['th'] + ['st','nd','rd'] + 7*['th'] + ['st']
year= input("Year: ")
month_num = int(input("Month: "))
date_num = int(input("Date: "))
result = str(date_num)+ ending[date_num-1]+' '+Months[month_num-1]+' '+year
print(result)

# Tuple
#Same as list - linear but difference is its immutable
t1 = (2,4,6,7,8,9,2,4,2,4,2,4)
print(type(t1))
print(t1.count(2))
print(t1.index(6))
print(t1[-1])
for i in t1:
print(i, end=", ")
print()
#Lists can be converted to Tuple and vice versa
t1 = list(t1)
print(type(t1))
t1 = tuple(t1)

t1 = ()
t1 = (1,)
print(type(t1))
t1 = (1,2,3,4,5) #packing
a,b,c,d,e = t1 #unpacking

val1 = (3,4,6)
val2 = (3,1,88)


#packing and unpacking

#Dictionary
details = {
"name": "Sachin T", "Runs": 15000, "Runs_desc": "Too many","City" : "Mumbai"
}
print(type(details))
print(details)
print(details["City"])
details2 = {
"team1":"Mumbai", "team2":"Mumbai Indias","team3": "India"
}
details.update(details2)
print(details)


## get marks of 5 subjects and do the sum and avg
master_list = {}
while True:
sum = 0
marks_list = []
name=input("Name of the student: ")
for i in range(5):
marks = int(input("Enter the marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
sum+=marks
marks_list.append(marks)
avg = sum/5
print(f"Marks entered are: {marks_list} \nThe total marks obtained is {sum} and average is {avg}")
ch = bool(input("Enter any key to continue or blank to stop: "))
master_list.update({name:marks_list})
if not ch:
break

print("All information: \n",master_list)

t1 = (2,4,6,8)
print(t1)
t1=list(t1)
t1.append(10)
t1 = tuple(t1)
print(t1)

# Dictionary
dict1 = {"name": "Sachin",101: "Mumbai","Teams":["India","Mumbai","Mumbai Indians"]}
dict2 = {"Runs": 15000}
print(type(dict1))
print(dict1['name'])
dict1.update(dict2)
print(dict1)
print(dict1.keys())
for i in dict1.keys():
print(i, "->",dict1[i])

for i,k in dict1.items():
print(i,"->",k)
for j in dict1.values():
print(j,end=", ")
print()
dict1.popitem()
dict1.pop(101)
print(dict1)


boys = {1:"Rohit",2:"Rahul",3:"Kohli", 4:"Surya"}
girls = {11:"Harmanpreet", 21:"Smriti",31:"Poonam",41:"Taniya"}

#equal to = points to same value
dict1 = boys
print(dict1)
#copy - creates duplicate copy
players = dict1.copy()
print(players)
players.update(girls)
print(players)

p_type = []
for i, j in players.items():
if j in boys.values():
p_type.append("Boy")
elif j in girls.values():
p_type.append("Girl")
else:
p_type.append("NA")
print("Final list: ",p_type)

#Set
# D M C K P
# P D M K C
# P P P P P
set1 = {"Pune","Pune","Pune","Pune","Pune"}
print(type(set1))
print(set1)

list1 = [4,5,6,4,5,6,7,8,7,8,8,8,8]
print(list1)
list1 = set(list1)
list1 = list(list1)
print(list1)

#SET THEORY
set1 = {2,4,6,8}
set2 = {1,3,5,7,2,6,8,4}
print(type(set1))
for i in set1:
print(i)

#UNION: combine all the values
print(set1|set2)
print(set1.union(set2))

#INTERSECTION
print(set1 & set2)
print(set1.intersection(set2))

#DIFFERENCE
print(set1 - set2)
print(set1.difference(set2))

print(set2 - set1)
print(set2.difference(set1))

print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))

print(set2.issuperset(set1))


#Functions: user defined functions
def myfunction1(a,b,c):
"""This is my own function to do something something
to just implement the function concept
@a: just a number
@b: another number
@c: another number
return: it returns the sum of a b and c"""
print(f"a={a}, b={b},c={c}")
print(a+b+c)
return a+b+c

def myfunction2(a,b=100,c=50): #default arguments
print(f"a={a}, b={b},c={c}")
print(a+b+c)

#keyword arguments (non-positional)
def myfunction3(a,b,c):
print(f"a={a}, b={b},c={c}")
print(a+b+c)

print("Here are a list of questions you need to ask:")
output = myfunction1(5,15,25)
print("Result is ",output)

myfunction2(20,30)
myfunction3(c=30,a=20,b=10) #keyword
l1 = [2,4,6]
putput = l1.append(8)
print(putput)
print(l1)

#1 required positional argument
print(myfunction1.__doc__)

import random
word_list = ["hello", "python","computer","india"]
word = random.choice(word_list)
#print(word.find("l"))
display_txt = "* "*len(word)
print("HINT: ",display_txt)
while True:
guess = input("Guess the character (a-z):")
guess = guess[0].lower()
if guess in word:
cnt_guess = word.count(guess)
st = 0
for i in range(cnt_guess):
idx = word.find(guess,st)
#0 -0 1 - 2 2 -4
display_txt = display_txt[:2*idx] + guess + display_txt[2*idx+1:]
st = idx+1
else:
print(f"{guess} not in the given word")
print(display_txt)
if "*" not in display_txt:
print("Congratulations! You have correctly guessed the word")
break

def input_num(n=0):
""" This function take number of elements for the size of list
and then takes the values, and returns list of values after using input"""
list1 = []
for i in range(n):
num = int(input("Enter number "+str(i+1)+": "))
list1.append(num)
return list1

def checkPrime(num):
isPrime = True
for i in range(2,num):
if num%i==0:
isPrime = False
return isPrime

def list_factors(num):
list_all_factors=[]
for i in range(1,num+1):
if num%i==0:
list_all_factors.append(i)
return list_all_factors

def create_fibo(n):
list_fibo = []
prev1,prev2=0,1
for i in range(n):
if i==0:
list_fibo.append(0)

elif i==1:
list_fibo.append(1)

else:
list_fibo.append(prev1+prev2)
prev1,prev2=prev2, prev1+prev2
return list_fibo

def sorting_val(type,*numbers, **address):
numbers=list(numbers)
if type==1: #bubble sort
for i in range(len(numbers)-1):
for j in range(len(numbers)-1-i):
if numbers[j]>numbers[j+1]:
numbers[j],numbers[j+1] = numbers[j+1], numbers[j]
print("Sorted elements are: ",numbers)
print("Address: \n",address)

items = int(input("Enter the number of elements to be declared: "))
values = input_num(items)
for value in values:
res = checkPrime(value)
if res:
print(f"The element {value} is a Prime,")
else:
print(f"The element {value} is not a Prime number.")
print(f"Factors of element {value} are: {list_factors(value)}")

values = create_fibo(items)
print("Values are: ",values)

sorting_val(1,12,5,17,18,7,19,3,4,7,name="Sachin", sports = "Cricket",city="Mumbai")


Access All the content on your Android Phone - Download Story Mantra App today!
Data Analytics Nov 2022- Part 2

DAY 21

 

select * from HR.Employees;

 

— explicit conversion

select Last_name, Hire_date, to_char(hire_date, ‘MONTH DD, YYYY’), Salary, to_char(salary,’$999999.9′) from HR.Employees;

 

select ‘12345.66’, to_number(‘12345.66′,’9999999’) from Dual

 

select ‘December 11, 2022, 6:00 AM’, To_date(‘December 11, 2022, 6:00 AM’, ‘Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI AM’) from Dual

 

— Multiple conditions

Select Decode(‘BBC’,’ABC’,’Text Matched to ABC’,DECODE(‘CBC’,’BBC’,’Text Matched to BBC’,’Something else’)) from Dual

 

Select Decode(Hire_date, ’17-JUN-03′,’FIRST DAT AT WORK’,’OLD TIMER’) from hr.employees

 

Select last_name, salary, case  When Salary <6000 then ‘Grade 1’

                                    When Salary >=6000 and Salary <12000   then ‘Grade 2’

                                else ‘Grade 3’

                                End Case 

                                from hr.employees;

                                

 

—  Aggregate Functions – which will aggregate and give single result

 

select count(*) from hr.employees

 

select avg(Salary) from hr.employees

 

select sum(Salary) from hr.employees

 

 

select count(*) ‘Total Employees’ , avg(Salary) ‘Average Salary’,  sum(Salary) ‘Total Salary’, Min(Hire_date) ‘Oldest Employee’, Max(Hire_date) ‘Newest Employee’ from hr.employees

 

select count(*) Total , avg(Salary) Average,  sum(Salary) “Total Salary”, Min(Hire_date) Oldest , Max(Hire_date)  from hr.employees

 

select DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID, avg(salary) from hr.employees  group by Department_ID, JOB_ID  HAVING  avg(salary) >10000

 

— JOIN

select convert(int, 12.99) from dual


select cast(12.99 as int) from dual


select * from hr.employees


select * from hr.departments


select * from hr.locations


— Inner join (default)

select department_name, first_name Manager from  hr.departments d join hr.employees e on (e.EMPLOYEE_ID = d.manager_id)


select department_name, first_name from  hr.departments d , hr.employees e



select department_name, first_name, last_name from  hr.departments d join hr.employees e on (e.department_ID = d.department_ID)


select department_name, first_name, last_name from  hr.departments d join hr.employees e Using (department_ID)  order by DEPARTMENT_NAME DESC


— LEFT /RIGHT OUTER JOIN based on + sign

select department_name, first_name from  hr.departments d , hr.employees e where e.department_ID = d.department_ID(+) 


— Full outer Join

select department_name DEPARTMENT, x.department_ID, first_name, last_name from  hr.departments x full outer join hr.employees e on (e.department_ID = x.department_ID)



Select First_name, department_name, city from hr.departments d,  hr.employees e, hr.locations l where d.department_ID = e.department_ID and d.location_ID=l.location_ID


— Lex De Haan

select first_name from hr.employees where employee_ID = (select employee_ID from hr.employees where first_name=’Lex’ and last_name=’De Haan’)


select first_name from hr.employees where employee_ID in (select employee_ID from hr.employees where department_ID = 60)




select first_name from hr.employees where employee_ID in (select employee_ID from hr.employees where department_ID = 60)

UNION

select first_name from hr.employees where employee_ID = (select employee_ID from hr.employees where first_name=’Lex’ and last_name=’De Haan’)


STARTING PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Learn to install different software… follow below links to install software:

Step 1: Video: Click here to download and install Python 

 

Step 2: Install IDE

 

Step 3: Start Basic Programming

DAY 24 :  DAY 2 OF PYTHON TUTORIAL 

print('Hello')
print(3+4+5)
print('3+4+5=',3+4+5)

# passing any value to functions - arguments
name1 = 'Laxman'
print("name1: ",name1)
print("name1: ",name1)
print("name1: ",name1)
print("name1: ",name1)
print("name1: ",name1)

#variable names: can not start with a number: name1 is valid but 1name is not a valid variable name
# _ is the only special character that is allowed in the variable name
# variable name accepts - alphabets(a-z A-Z) 0-9 and _

n1ame = "Hello"
length = 51
breadth = 23
area = length * breadth
perimeter = 2 * (length + breadth)
#A rectangle with length x and breadth y has area of a and perimeter of p
print('A rectangle with length',length,"and breadth",breadth,"has area of",area,"and perimeter of",perimeter)

# format string - f string
print(f"A rectangle with length {length} and breadth {breadth} has area of {area} and perimeter of {perimeter}")


name1 = 'Laxman' # str - string
print(type(name1))
length = 51 # int - integer: -999, -88,0,9,100
print(type(length))
avg = 55.63 #float - 5.1, -6.9, 0.0, 5.0
print(type(avg))
isRight = True # False : bool - boolean True/False
print(type(isRight))
num_val = 6j # j is the imaginary value (complex) - square root of -1
print(type(num_val)) #complex

length = 53
print(length)
length = True
print(length)
length = "Sachin"
print(length)

length = "54"
breadth = "43"
print(length + breadth)

#<class 'str'> str()
#<class 'int'> int()
#<class 'float'> float()
#<class 'bool'> bool()
#<class 'complex'> complex()
val1 = 500
print("Val1 is ",type(val1))
val1 = str(val1) # val1 = "500"
print("Val1 is ",type(val1))

val2 = "55A"
val2 = int(val2)
#arithmetic operations:  +  -  *  /  //  **  %
val1 = 20
val2 = 8
print(val1 + val2)
print(val1 - val2)
print(val1 * val2)
print(val1 / val2)
print(val1 // val2) # // just the integer
print(val1 ** val2) #power(val1, val2)
print(val1 % val2) #

#comparison operators: Output is always boolean - True / False
val1 = 20
val2 = 8
val3 = 20 # 20 should be assigned to val3
# = assignment operator -assigning the value
print(val1 == val2) # is val1 equal to val2 ?
print(val1 != val3) # is val1 not equal to val3 ?
print(val1 > val2) # T
print(val1 >= val3) # is Val1 greater or equal to val3
print(val1 > val3)
print(val1 < val2)
print(val1 <= val2)
print(val1 < val3)

#logical operator" input is boolean and the output is also a boolean
# prediction: Sachin and Sehwag will open the batting
# actual - Sachin and Laxman opened the batting
print(True and True)
print(False and True)
print(True and False)
print(False and False)
val1,val2,val3 = 20, 8, 20
print(val2 == val3 and val1 <=val2 and val3 >=val1 and val2==val3)
# F

# or - even if one value is TRUE entire result will be True
print(True or True)
print(False or True)
print(True or False)
print(False or False)
print(val2 == val3 or val1 <=val2 or val3 >=val1 or val2==val3)
# T
print(not True)
print(not False)
print(not val2 == val3 or val1 <=val2 or val3 >=val1 or val2==val3)

print(val2 == val3 or val1 <=val2 and val3 >=val1 or val2==val3)
#F
# 2+2*3 =

# ax sq + bx + c = 0, find x when a,b and c are given

# D = bsq - 4ac

# solution 1: (-b - sq root D) /2a
# solution 2: (-b + sq root D) /2a

a,b,c = 6, -17, 12
d = b**2 - 4*a*c
sol1 = (-b - d**0.5)/(2*a)
sol2 = (-b + d**0.5)/(2*a)
print(f"Solutions for the given quadratic equation is {sol1} and {sol2}")

check1 = a*sol1**2 + b*sol1 + c
check2 = a*sol2**2 + b*sol2 + c
print(f"Checking if both the check are zero: {check1} and {check2}")
#Conditions
avg = 30

if avg>=80:
print("You scored Grade A")
elif avg>=70:
print("You scored Grade B")
elif avg>=60:
print("You scored Grade C")
elif avg>=50:
print("You scored Grade D")
elif avg>=40:
print("You scored Grade E")
else:
print("You scored Grade F")

#40%
if avg>=40:
print("You have passed!")
else:
print("Sorry, You have failed!")


if avg >=90:
print("You win President's award")
print("90+ is too good score")


print("Thank You")

#Conditions
avg = 90

#40%
if avg>=40:
print("You have passed!")
if avg >= 80:
print("You scored Grade A")
if avg >= 90:
print("You win President's award")
print("90+ is too good score")

elif avg >= 70:
print("You scored Grade B")
elif avg >= 60:
print("You scored Grade C")
elif avg >= 50:
print("You scored Grade D")
else:
print("You scored Grade E")
print("You have passed!")
else:
print("You scored Grade F")
print("Sorry, You have failed!")

print("Thank You")

###
'''
1. Check for positive, negative, zero
2. If positive then check for Odd or Even
3. If positive check for if its divisible by 2 and 3
4. If its divisible by both 2 and 3 then check for 5 also
'''

num = 30 # 0 -10 10 9

if num>0:
print("Number is positive")
if num%2==0:
print("Its an even number")
if num%3==0:
print("Its divisible by 2 and 3 both")
if num%5==0:
print("Yes, this is divisible by 5 also")
else:
print("Its divisible by 2 but not 3")
else:
print("Its an odd number")
if num%3==0:
print("Its divisible by 3 only")
else:
print("Its not divisible by 2 or 3")
elif num<0:
print("Number is negative")
else:
print("Number is neither positive nor negative")

###
# arrange the numbers in increasing order
# 5,6,3 => 3 >=5 >=6
a,b,c = 80,60,40
if a<b: #a < b
if a<c: #a <c
if b<c: #b <c
print(f"{a}<={b}<={c}")
else: # a<b, a<c, c<b
print(f"{a}<={c}<={b}")
else: #a < b c<a
print(f"{c}<={a}<={b}")
else: # b< a
if a<c: #a <c
if b<c: #b <c
print(f"{b}<={a}<={c}")
else: #b<a c <a
if b<c:
print(f"{b}<={c}<={a}")
else:
print(f"{c}<={b}<={a}")
#loops -
# 1 to 10

#range(a,b,c) - a: starting value (including), b: ending value (excluding), c: increment
#range(2,11,3) - 2,5,8
#range(a,b) - c= default = 1
#range(3,8) - 3,4,5,6,7
#range(b) a default = 0, c default = 1
#range(4) - 0,1,2,3

for i in range(4):
print("Hello, value of i = ",i)
for i in range(3,8):
print("Hi, value of i = ",i)
for i in range(2,11,3):
print("Hello, value of i = ",i)

if 'H' in "hello":
print("There")

sum = 0
for i in range(1,11):
print(i,end=", ")
sum = sum+i
print("\nSum of the values = ",sum)

val = 1
sum = 0
while val <=10:
print(val)
sum += val
val+=1 #val=val+1

print("Sum = ",sum)

n=5
for i in range(n):
print("*",end=" ")
print()
'''
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(n):
for i in range(n):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(n):
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
'''
for j in range(n):
for i in range(n-j):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(n):
for k in range(n-j-1):
print(" ",end="")
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

'''
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
'''
for j in range(n):
for k in range(n-j-1):
print(" ",end=" ")
for i in range(j+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

## read marks of 5 subjects and find sum and avg
num = int(input("Enter length: "))
print("num = ",num)
print("type of num = ",type(num))

sum=0
for i in range(5):
marks = int(input("Enter the marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
sum+=marks
print(f"The total marks is {sum} and average is {sum/5}")
### WHILE
import random
number = random.randint(1,100)
attempt = 0
ch = input("Do you want to play this game? (y for yes): ")
low = 1
high = 100
while ch=="y":
guess = random.randint(low,high) #int(input("Guess the number (1-100): "))
if guess<1 or guess>100:
print("Invalid guess, try again...")
continue # it will take you to the beginning of the loop
attempt+=1
if guess==number:
print(f"Awesome! You guessed it correctly in {attempt} attempts.")
break #throw you out of the loop
elif guess < number:
print("You have guessed a lower number")
low=guess+1
else:
print("You have guessed a higher number")
high=guess-1

print("Thank you")
'''
take 2 numbers and perform operation based on given choice:
1. To add
2. To multiply
3. Divide
4. Quit
'''

while True:
n1 = int(input("Enter a number: "))
n2 = int(input("Enter another number: "))
print("Give your choice of operation:")
print("1. Addition\n2. Multiplication\n3. Division\n4. Quit")
ch=input("Enter your option: ")
if ch=="1":
print("Addition of numbers: ",n1+n2)
elif ch=="2":
print("Multiplication of numbers: ", n1 * n2)
elif ch=="3":
print("Division of numbers: ", n1 / n2)
elif ch=="4":
break
else:
print("Invalid option! Try Again...")
continue
print("Great work!")

#strings
str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "Hi"
str3 = '''How are you
Where are you'''
str4 = """I am fine
I am here"""
print(type(str1),type(str2),type(str3),type(str4))
print(str3)
print(len(str3)) #size - total characters in a string
print(str1+" "+(str3 +"\n")*3)

for i in str1:
print(i)
for i in range(len(str1)):
print(str1[i])

str1 = "Hello" #indexing starts from zero
print(str1[0])
print(str1[2])
print(str1[4]) #last element
print(str1[-1]) #last element
print(str1[-3]) #3rd last element
print(str1[1:4]) #start is inclusive /end is exclusive
print(str1[:4])
print(str1[:])
print(str1[-4:-1]) #start is inclusive /end is exclusive
print(str1[:-1])
print(str1[-len(str1):-1])
print(str1[-3:])
print(str1[:])
str1 = "Good Evening Everyone"
print(str1[0])
print(str1[-1])
print(str1[-3:])
# functions that are part of a class are called Methods
str2 = "HELLO HOW ARE YOU"
print(str2.isupper())
print(str1.istitle()) #first character of every word needs to be capital
length = input("Enter the length: ")
if length.isdigit():
length = int(length)
else:
print("Invalid length value, exiting the program")

#username can have only characters and numbers
username = input("Enter username: ")
if username.isalnum():
print("Username accepted")
else:
print("Invalid username.")

str1 = "Hello"
print(str1.isalpha())
str3 = " "
print(str3.isspace())

# enter name: alpha and space
name = input("Enter your name")
isValid = True
for ch in name:
if ch.isalpha() or ch.isspace():
pass
else:
isValid = False
break

if isValid:
print("Valid Name")
else:
print("Invalid Name")

str1 = "HOw arE YOU ONE doING ToDaY"
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.upper())
print(str1.capitalize()) #Only the first character is caps
print(str1.title()) #first letter of every word is caps

split_cont = str1.split()
print("Split: ", split_cont)

split_cont = str1.title().split("o")
print("Split: ", split_cont)

print("o".join(split_cont))
str2 = "How Are You Doing Are You Ok Are You Coming"
print(str2.replace("You","You'll",2))
print(str2)

# Strings are IMMUTABLE
#str2[0] = "h" - not possible
str2 = "h"+str2[1:]
print(str2)

print(str2.count("ou",4,10))

print(str2.find("ou",10,22))

DAY 29 – DECEMBER 22 2022

 

#LIST
l1 = [20,40,20.5,True,"Hello",[2,4,6]]
print(len(l1))
print(l1[1])
print(l1[-1][1])
print(type(l1[-1][1]))
print(type(l1))
l2 = [10,20,30]
print(l1+l2*2)
for i in l2:
print(i)
for i in range(len(l2)):
print(i, "--> ",l2[i])

l2.append(40) #append will add at the end
l2.insert(1,50) #index, value
l2.pop(0) #remove element at the given index
l2.remove(30) #delete the given value
l2[1] = 70
print(l2)

l3 = l2 #both are pointing to same list - Deep copy
l4 = l2.copy() #Shallow copy
print("Set 1")
print("l2: ",l2)
print("l3: ",l3)
print("l4: ",l4)
l2.append(45)
l3.append(70)
l3.append(55)
l4.append(65)
print("Set 2")
print("l2: ",l2)
print("l3: ",l3)
print("l4: ",l4)
print("printing IDs: ")
print("l2: ",id(l2))
print("l3: ",id(l3))
print("l4: ",id(l4))
total_count = l2.count(70)
print(total_count)
print(l2.reverse())
l2.sort()
print(l2)
#l2 = l2 + l3
l2.extend(l2+l3)
print(l2)
print(l2.index(50)) #index of the first matching value
ind = l2.index(50)
print(l2.index(50,ind+1))


marks_masterlist = []
while True:
sum=0
marks_list = [] #student ID, 5 values marks, 7th Sum, 8 avg
id_st = input("Enter the Student ID: ")
marks_list.append(id_st)
for i in range(5):
marks = int(input("Enter the marks in subject "+str(i+1)+": "))
marks_list.append(marks)
sum+=marks

#print("List of marks: ",marks_list)
#print(f"Total marks obtained is {sum} and average is {sum/5}")
avg = sum/5
marks_list.append(sum)
marks_list.append(avg)

marks_masterlist.append(marks_list)
ch=input("Enter N to stop, Enter to continue: ")
if ch:
break

print("Master list:\n",marks_masterlist)
master_list = [['1000', 99, 88, 77, 66, 55, 385, 77.0],
['1002', 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 275, 55.0],
['1003', 77, 55, 99, 66, 88, 385, 77.0]]
print(len(master_list[0]))

#average of all the students:
for i in range(len(master_list)):
print(master_list[i][0], ":",master_list[i][-1])

#highest marks in each subject
for subcode in range(1,6):
max=-99
for i in range(len(master_list)):
#print(master_list[i][1])
if max <master_list[i][subcode]:
max = master_list[i][subcode]
print(f"Maximum marks in Subject {subcode} is ",max)
#Tuples - linear ordered immutable collection
#List - linear ordered mutable collection

t1 = ()
t1 = (5,)
t1 = (5,6,7)
print(type(t1))
t1 = list(t1)
t1.append(8)
t1 = tuple(t1)

#packing & unpacking
a,b,c,d = t1
print(a)
print(t1[0])
print(16 in t1)

a = (2,99,15)
b = (2,99,15)

#Dictionary - non-linear unordered mutable collection
d1 = {}
print(type(d1))
d1 = {2:"Hello","Two": 999}
print(d1["Two"])
t1 = {True:"Sunday"}
d1.update(t1)
print(d1)

#items: list of tuple of key,value
#keys : list of keys
#values: list of values
print(d1.items())
for i in d1.items():
print(i)

print(d1[2])
for i in d1.items():
if i[0]==2:
print(i[1])

d2 = d1 # points to each other - no new copy created
d3 = d1.copy() # at this point they are copy
t2= {99:"Ninety Nine"}
d1.update(t2)
print(d1)
print(d2)
print(d3)

d1.popitem()
d1.pop(True)
print(d1)

#to get the value when key is given:
a= d1.get(2)
print(a)
#print(d1[888])

d1.clear()
print(d1)

master_data = {}
student = 0
while True:
student+=1
roll = input("Enter the Roll Number for Student "+str(student)+": ")
sum=0
list1 = []
for i in range(3):
m = int(input("Enter marks for subject "+str(i+1)+ " for student "+str(student)+" :"))
sum+=m
list1.append(m)

master_data.update({roll:list1})
ch=input("Hit Enter to continue else to stop: ")
if ch:
break
print("All data: \n",master_data)
#{'1': [5, 5, 5], '2': [8, 8, 8]}

#Set - - linear un-ordered mutable collection

# Lion Tiger Elephant Deer Panther
# P D E T L
# PDE Jaguar Camel
# total how many were named: 7 - Union
# Common between S1 & S2 : 3 - Intersection
#Remove animals from S1 as told by S2, what is left: 2 L & T - Minus (S1-S2)
# S2 - S1 : J & C
# Symmetric Difference: L, T, J , C


# 1. L 2 L 3 L 4L 5L
#SET
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {3,4,5,6,7,8}
print(type(set1))
#union - giving you all data (minus dup)
print(set1.union(set2)) #max - sum of the # of elements
print(set1 | set2) #min - # of the elements in bigger set

print(set1.intersection(set2)) #max: size of lower set
print(set1 & set2) #min : no elements repeated
#if no elements are repeated we call them disjoint set

seta={1,2,3}
setb={1,2,3}
setc = {1,2,3,4,5}
#setc is superset of seta, seta as subset of setc
#seta = setb = union = intersection: seta is superset as well as subset of setb

print(set1.difference(set2))
print(set1-set2)
print(set2-set1)

print(set1.symmetric_difference_update(set2))
print(set1 ^ set2)
print(set1)
#update() -union update
#intersection_update() set1 = set1 & set2
#difference_update()
#symmetric_difference_update()
# Functions
##print()
##type()

def myquestions():
print("How are you",end="? ")
print("Hows going")
print("Where are you")

def myadd(a,b): #arguments #positional #required
print("A: ",a)
print("B: ", b)
sum = a+b
#return sum

#default arguments
def myadd2(a=5,b=0,c=4,d=4,e=5): #arguments #positional #a required b as default
print("A: ",a)
print("B: ", b)
sum = a+b

myquestions()
result = myadd(55,65) #passing the parameter to the function definition
print(result)

myadd2(55,35)
myadd2(55)
myadd2()

#keywords = removes restriction of positional
a=5
b=6
myadd(b=b,a=a) #not being positional - keyword

#required positional default keyword
#global and local scope of variable
def mytest():
global a
print("Inside mytest 2 a = ", a)
a=5 #local variable
#always local takes preference over global
print("Inside mytest 1 a = ",a)

a=10 #global variable
print("printing in main a =",a)
mytest()
#Functions
#DocString - are multi line comments added as first line in function definition
def myfun1(a,b): #required positional argument
'''
This is a sample function to learn about function. This will perform some basic math ops
:param a: this is a number that will take part in math operation
:param b: this is another number that will take part in math operation
:return: a tuple with 3 values - each for addition, multiplication and division
'''
s = a+b
m = a*b
d = a/b
result = [s,m,d] #packing
print(type(result))
return result
def myfun2(a=10,b=20): #default arguments
s = a+b
m = a*b
d = a/b
result = [s,m,d] #packing
print(type(result))
return result

def myfun3(roll,*marks,**attr): # *var -all arguments, **var will read all your keyword arg
print("Roll No:",roll)
print("Marks obtained: ",marks)
print(type(marks))
print("Attributes of student: ",attr)
print(type(attr))

if __name__ =='__main__':

output1 = myfun1(10,5)
print("Output: ",output1)
output1 = myfun2()
print("Output: ",output1)
output1 = myfun2(b=10,a=20)
print("Output: ",output1)

output1 = myfun3(1001, 65,76,87,56,78,76,78,name="Sachin",sports="Cricket",city="Mumbai")

print(help(print)) #doc string
print(print.__doc__)
print(myfun1.__doc__)

#######################
import p1 #import module - file containing functions
out1 = p1.myfun2(b=10,a=20)
print(out1)

out1 = p1.myfun1(10,20)
print(out1)

#annoynomous or oneline or lambda

lf1 = lambda x,y:x+y
print(lf1(10,90))

# recursion - function calling itself

def myfun_facto(n):
if n==0:
return 1
return n * myfun_facto(n-1) #stack


print(myfun_facto(5))

# 5! = 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1
# 5! = 5 * 4!
#Class & Object
class Person:
population=0
def __init__(self,name):
#this function should be called automatically when you create an object
Person.population += 1
self.name = name

def display_info(self):
print(f"Hello How are you? My name is {self.name}")

@classmethod
def display_pop(cls):
print("Population is ",cls.population)


o1=Person("Sachin") #auto calling of __init__
o2=Person("Kapil") #auto calling of __init__
o3=Person("Sunil") #auto calling of __init__
o4=Person("Dhoni") #auto calling of __init__
o5=Person("Virat") #auto calling of __init__
o1.display_info()
o2.display_info()
o3.display_info()
#o4.display_info()
#o5.display_info()
print(type(o1))
print(o1.population)
print(o3.population)
print(o1.name)
print(o3.name)

l1 = [3,4,5]
l1.append(5)
#Inheritance
#Encapsulation
#Polymorphism
#Abstraction
################
class School:
def __init__(self,schoolname):
self.schoolname = schoolname
def display_school(self):
print("School name is: ",self.schoolname)
self.__display_state()
def display_loc(self):
print("We are located in the City")
def __display_state(self):
print("We are located in the State")
class Student(School):
def __init__(self,sname, stname):
School.__init__(self,sname)
self.sname = sname
self.stname = stname
def display_student(self):
print("Student name is: ",self.stname)
def display_loc(self):
print("Calling from STUDENT Class: We are located in the City")
class MySelf:
def MySelfMethod(self):
School.display_loc(self)

s1 = School("ABC International School")
s1.display_school()
st1 = Student("XYZ Intermational School","Sachin")
st1.display_school()
st1.display_student()
st1.display_loc()
#st1.__display_state()
m1 = MySelf()
m1.MySelfMethod()

#Encapsulation:
# public - the members are available to be accessed by anyone
# protected (_membername) members can be called only
# its own and derived class: Practically not implemented in Python
# private options (__membername) - cant be accessed outside the class

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Shape(object):
__metaclass__ = ABCMeta
def __init__(self):
print("Shape is created")

@abstractmethod
def area(self):
print("I will do nothing")
def information(self):
print("I belong to class Shape")

class Rectangle(Shape):
def __init__(self):
print("rectangle is created")
class Circle(Shape):
def __init__(self):
print("circle is created")

s1 = Shape()
c1 = Circle()
c1.area()
s1.area()
c1.information()

PYTHON PROJECT WORK

import sqlite3
con_str = sqlite3.connect("ies1.db")
creat_tab ='''Create Table Students(
Roll Integer primary key,
name text,
fees real,
admission_date date)'''
#con_str.execute(creat_tab)
insrt1 = '''Insert into Students(ROll,Name) values(1001,'Sachin')'''
#con_str.execute(insrt1)
insrt1 = '''Insert into Students(ROll,Name) values(1002,'Kapil')'''
#con_str.execute(insrt1)
insrt1 = '''Insert into Students(ROll,Name) values(1003,'Sunil')'''
#con_str.execute(insrt1)
insrt1 = '''Insert into Students(ROll,Name) values(1004,'Kohli')'''
#con_str.execute(insrt1)
insrt1 = '''Insert into Students(ROll,Name) values(1005,'Dhoni')'''
#con_str.execute(insrt1)

select_q = "Select * from Students"
cursor_obj = con_str.execute(select_q)
rows = cursor_obj.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print(row)

#update
update_q = '''Update Students set fees=110 where roll=1003'''
con_str.execute(update_q)
con_str.commit()

#Delete
delete_q = '''Delete from Students where roll=1004'''
con_str.execute(delete_q)

##insert based on user input
roll_no = int(input("Enter the roll number: "))
name_st = input("Enter the name: ")
insrt1 = '''Insert into Students(ROll,Name) values(?,?)'''
dy_val = (roll_no,name_st)
con_str.execute(insrt1,dy_val)
con_str.commit()


##########################
### WORKING WITH FILES ##
##########################
file_con = open("abc1.txt",mode="a") #default is read
# r read - only read, w write - you can write, a append - you can only append
# r+ , w+ , a+
content = '''Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
How I wonder what you are'''
if file_con.writable():
file_con.write(content)
fh=open("file1.txt","a")
story='''Once upon a time, there lived a deer in the forest. He was a gentle creature who loved to explore the forest and make new friends. He often encountered various animals on his explorations, including a lion.

The deer and the lion were wary of each other when they first met, but soon they developed a mutual respect and even a friendship. The lion was impressed with the deer's courage and wisdom, while the deer admired the lion's strength and nobility.

The two began to meet often, and they would often go on adventures together. The lion would show the deer the best spots to find food and the deer would help the lion hunt. They both enjoyed the company of each other, and the friendship between them grew stronger.

One day, the deer and the lion were out exploring the forest when they came upon a group of hunters. The deer was terrified and wanted to run away, but the lion saw the hunters and told the deer to stay put. The lion then charged at the hunters, roaring and showing his full strength. The hunters were so scared that they ran away, leaving the deer and the lion unharmed.

The deer was so grateful for the lion's bravery that he promised to always be there for his friend. From that day on, the deer and the lion remained inseparable. They went on countless adventures together, and they were always there to help each other when they needed it.'''
fh.write(story)
fh.close()

fh=open("file1.txt","r")

#content = fh.read(200)
#print(content)
fh.seek(100)
content = fh.read(300)
#print(content)
fh.seek(0)
print(fh.readline(50000))
print(fh.readlines())
fh.close()
############### JSON
#JavaScript Object Notation - json
json_str = '''
{"Name":"Sachin",
"Sport":"Cricket",
"Fav Shots":["Cover Drive","Square Cut"],
"Teams":[
{
"TName":"Mumbai",
"Games": "Ranji"
},
{
"TName":"Mumbai Indians",
"Games": "IPL"
}
]}
'''
print(json_str)
print(type(json_str))

import json

# 4 methods: load(), loads(), dump(), dumps()
json_obj = json.loads(json_str)
print(type(json_obj))
print(json_obj["Teams"])
json_dumps = json.dumps(json_obj,indent=4,sort_keys=True)
print(json_dumps)
fp=open("json_file.json","w")
json.dump(json_obj,fp,indent=4)
fp.close()
import json
##
fp=open("json_file.json","r")
file_content = json.load(fp)
print(file_content)
print(type(file_content))
fp.close()

##### Exceptions

print("Hello")
print(5-3)
#runtime errors - Exceptions
try:
num1 = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # ValueError exception
50 / 0 # ZeroDivisionError exception

except ValueError:
print("You have not entered a valid number hence setting it to zero")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Sorry cant divide by zero")
except Exception:
print("Some error has occured")
else: #if there is no error then do else
print("Number you have entered is ",num1)
finally: #will execute in both cases - error or no error
print("Demo program for exception handling")


#50/0 #ZeroDivisionError exception

# try - except - else -finally
import numpy as np
x = range(16) #0...15
x=np.reshape(x,(4,4))
print(x[1:3,:3])

y = range(11,27)
y=np.reshape(x,(4,4))
print(y)

print(x+y)
print(x-y)
print(x*y) #element multiplication
print(x@y) #matrix multiplication

print(x/y)

### Pandas
import pandas as pd
data = [["Apple",1200,2100,900,870],
["Oranges",500,900,300,400],
["Banana",132,456,768,333],
["Mangoes", 1111,3333,2222,4444]]
print(data)

headers=['Fruit',"Q1 2022","Q2 2022","Q3 2022","Q4 2022"]
inx = ["Fruit 1","Fruit 2","Fruit 3","Fruit 4"]
data_df = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=headers,index=inx)
print(data_df)
import pandas as pd
#you can read csv files using read_csv irrepective of the location
usage_df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/Hp/Downloads/Dataset-master/Dataset-master/user_usage.csv")
print(usage_df)
device_df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/Hp/Downloads/Dataset-master/Dataset-master/user_device.csv")
print(device_df)

#merge these two datasets
result_df = pd.merge(usage_df,device_df, on="use_id",how="right")
print(result_df)
#########################################
######### EXAMPLE: DATA CLEANING ######
#########################################
#missing data?
#data correct? type, range
#
import pandas as pd
hotel_df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/Hp/Downloads/Dataset-master/Dataset-master/hotel_bookings.csv")
print(hotel_df)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
plt.style.use('ggplot')
cols = hotel_df.columns[:30]
colors = ["#085838","#f4deb4"]
sns.heatmap(hotel_df[cols].isnull(), cmap=sns.color_palette(colors))
plt.show()
import pandas as pd

hotel_df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/Hp/Downloads/Dataset-master/Dataset-master/hotel_bookings.csv")
print(hotel_df)

#Data cleaning
## 1. missing values - 1)remove the values 2)replace the missing values
## 2. Incorrect data - 1) extreme values, not possible, different data type - make it null
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

cols = hotel_df.columns[:30]
colors = ["#2b80ff","#05f6d5"]
sns.heatmap(hotel_df[cols].isnull(),cmap=sns.color_palette(colors))
#plt.show()
#dropping column company since it has more than 95% values missing
hotel_df = hotel_df.drop(['company'],axis=1) #axis=1 for column

#check % missing
import numpy as np
for col in hotel_df.columns:
pct_missing = np.mean(hotel_df[col].isnull())
print(f"{col} has {pct_missing*100}%")

#calculate total missing values for each row
for col in hotel_df.columns:
missing = hotel_df[col].isnull()
num_missing = np.sum(missing)
if num_missing>0:
hotel_df[f'{col}_ismissing'] =missing

ismissing_col = []
for col in hotel_df.columns:
if 'ismissing' in col:
ismissing_col.append(col)
#total the values of missing cols for each row:
hotel_df['num_missing'] = hotel_df[ismissing_col].sum(axis=1)

print("Missing data: ",ismissing_col)
ind_missing = hotel_df[hotel_df['num_missing']>12].index
#drop the rows which has more than 12 missing values
hotel_df=hotel_df.drop(ind_missing,axis=0) #axis=0 for rows

#check again after rows and col drop
import numpy as np
for col in hotel_df.columns:
pct_missing = np.mean(hotel_df[col].isnull())
if pct_missing>0.0:
print(f"{col} has {pct_missing*100}%")
'''
children has 2.0498257606219004%
babies has 11.311318858061922%
meal has 11.467129071170085%
country has 0.40879238707947996%
deposit_type has 8.232810615199035%
agent has 13.68700576330250
'''

hotel_df['meal'] = pd.Categorical(hotel_df['meal'])
hotel_df['country'] = pd.Categorical(hotel_df['country'])
hotel_df['deposit_type'] = pd.Categorical(hotel_df['deposit_type'])

med = hotel_df['children'].median()
hotel_df['children'] = hotel_df['children'].fillna(med)
med = hotel_df['babies'].median()
hotel_df['babies'] = hotel_df['babies'].fillna(med)
med = hotel_df['agent'].median()
hotel_df['agent'] = hotel_df['agent'].fillna(med)

non_num_cols = hotel_df.select_dtypes(exclude=np.number)
for col in non_num_cols:
missing = hotel_df[col].isnull()
num_missing = np.sum(missing)
if num_missing > 0:
#replace the missing values with mode
top = hotel_df[col].describe()['top']
hotel_df[col] = hotel_df[col].fillna(top)

print("After update the missing columns are:")
#check again for missing values
for col in hotel_df.columns:
missing = hotel_df[col].isnull()
num_missing = np.sum(missing)
if num_missing > 0:
print(f"{col} has total missing values {pct_missing}")


#####
hotel_df['children'] = hotel_df['children'].fillna(-999)
hotel_df['country'] = hotel_df['country'].fillna("NOT AVAILABLE")

This is a practice excercise which requires you to clean and merge dataset belong to different categories but having same kind of information.

1. Clean the data

2. Add category

3. Merge the data

4. Now prepare viz